accessory organs, hormones, enzymes

villi and microvilli absorb water soluble digestive nutrients into…

blood

villi and microvilli absorb lipids into …

lacteals as chylomicrons and vitamin B12

what gets absorbed into blood by the villi and microvilli

water soluble digestive nutrients

what is the route blood carrying nutrients take and what is allowed to happen through this process

small intestine

through hepatic portal duct

to liver

deamination of liver enzymes

what are the three liver enzymes that are deaminated

ammonia into urea

metabolized consumed toxins

store glucose as glycogen

the variform appendix projects from…

cecum

located at junction of large and small appendix

cecum

waste form small intestine is exposed to BLANK BLANK in colon

bacterial fermentation

hormones in digestion: induces hunger

ghrelin

hormones in digestion: sensation of satiety

leptin

hormones in digestion: induces cellular uptake of glucose

more glucose in cell = lower blood glucose level

insulin

hormones in digestion: stimulates breakdown of stored glycogen

glucagon

hormones in digestion: stimulates liver cells to convert hepatic glycogen stores into glucose and release glucose into blood

glucagon

describe what glucagon does

stimulates liver cells to convert hepatic glycogen stores into glucose and release glucose into blood

enzymes in digestion: digestion of protein

pepsin

pepsin is activated by

hypochloric acid

contains chemicals that aid in digestion but is NOT an enzyme

bile

what makes bile

liver

what stores bile

gallbladder

where is bile released

small intestine

what does bile do

emulsify fat

what emulsifies fat

bile

hormones in digestion: raises blood glucose levels

glucagon

hormones in digestion: found in alpha cells of pancreas

glucagon

hormones in digestion: essential for maintaining fuel balance

glucagon

hormones in digestion: active especially with males during exercize

glucagon

hormones in digestion:lower blood sugar levels

insulin

hormones in digestion: promotes synthesis of fats in adipose tissue

insulin

hormones in digestion: stimulate liver and muscle cells to store glucose as glycogen

insulin

hormones in digestion: found in S cells of duodenum

secretin

regulates pH in duodenum

secretin

how does secretin regulate ph in duodenum

inhibit gastric acid secretion

stimulating bicarbonate production

what neutralizes acid in chyme

bicarbonate

where does bicarbonate come from

pancreas

hormones in digestion: found in I cells in mucus lining of duodenum and jejunum

cholecystokinin

cholecystokinin aids in

digesting fats and proteins

stimulating gallbladder to release bile

hormones in digestion: gastrin is found in

G cells of stomach lining

hormones in digestion: stimulate gastric glands to secrete pepsinogen and HCL

gastrin

hormones in digestion: gastrin stimulates the release of

pepsinogen

HCL

what is the precursor for pepsin

pepsinogen

hormones in digestion: aids in protein digestion, released when eating high protein

HCL

accessory organs: largest internal organ

liver

accessory organs: crucial for metabolism of carbs and proteins

liver

accessory organs: produces bile which is essential for lipid breakdown

liver

accessory organs: produces juices that contain enzymes that neutralize acidic chyme

pancreas