AP Euro Key Dates

1453

Fall of Constantinople: Marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and significant shift in power towards the Ottoman Empire.

1453

Gutenburg Printing Press: Invention of the movable type printing press, which revolutionized the dissemination of information.

1492

Columbus discovers the Americas: Initiated widespread European exploration and colonization.

1492

Treaty of Tordesillas: Agreement between Spain and Portugal that divided newly discovered lands outside Europe.

1492

Expulsion of Jews from Spain: The Alhambra Decree ordered the expulsion, leading to forced conversions.

1517

Martin Luther’s 95 Theses: A pivotal moment in the Protestant Reformation, challenging Catholic practices.

1555

Peace of Augsburg: Ended religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire, allowing princes to choose their official religion.

1588

Defeat of Spanish Armada: Established England as a dominant naval power and marked Spain's declining influence.

1618

Thirty Years War: A devastating conflict engulfing Europe, characterized by struggles between Protestant and Catholic states.

1648

Peace of Westphalia: Ended the Thirty Years War, establishing state sovereignty and religious tolerance.

1688

Glorious Revolution: Overthrow of King James II leading to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in England.

1713-14

Treaty of Utrecht: Ended the War of the Spanish Succession and reaffirmed the balance of power in Europe.

1776

American Revolution: Sparked revolutionary ideas across Europe, challenging traditional monarchies.

1789

Start of the French Revolution: Marked the end of absolute monarchy in France.

1800

Napoleon and Napoleonic Code: A year that initiated widespread conflict across Europe.

1914-1918

World War I: A global conflict that resulted in significant changes worldwide.

1919

Treaty of Versailles: Officially ended World War I and imposed reparations on Germany.

1929

Stock Market Crash: Led to the