ch. 25 - male reproductive system,

the scrotum

skin and superficial fascia surrounding the testes positioned outside of the body

epididymis

site of sperm maturation

seminiferous tubules

sperm production. separated by areolar connective tissue

spermatogenic

sperm formation (about 400 million per day)

what are the sperm cell differentiation?

• spermatogonia (stem cells)

• primary spermatocyctes

• secondary spermatocytes

• spermatids

• sperm

what type of tissue dominates the epididymis ?

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

ductus deferens

stores and transports sperm.

what are the histological layers of the ductus deferens ?

• inner mucosa layer of pseudostratified epithelium

• thick muscularis

• adventitia

the spermatic cord contains the…

• ductus deferens

• testicular vessels

• nerves

urethra

carries sperm from ejaculatory ducts to outside

the main parts of the male urethra?

• prostatic urethra

• intermediate part

• spongy urethra

seminal glands

lie on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder. secrete about 60% of the volume of semen

what does the semen from the seminal glands contain?

• fructose to nourish sperm

• substances to enhance sperm motility

• prostaglandins

• substances that suppress immune response against semen

• enzymes that clot and then liquefy semen

prostate gland

encircles the prostatic urethra. secretes about 1/3 of the volume of semen.

what does the prostate produce?

• substances that enhance sperm mobility

• enzymes that clot and then liquefy semen

bulbourethral glands

pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate gland. produce mucus

what does the bulbourethral gland produce?

mucus that neutralizes traces of acidic urine. lubricates urethra

corpus spongiosum

surrounds spongy urethra

corpora cavernosa

makes up most of the penis

erection

parasympathetic control

ejaculation

sympathetic control

what are the three stages of spermatogenesis ?

1. formation of spermatocytes

2. meiosis

3. spermiogenesis

what happens in stage 1 of spermatogensis?

the formation of spermatocytes. type a maintain the germ cells and type b differentiate into primary spermatocytes

what happens in stage 2 of spermatogenesis?

meiosis I and II. Meiosis 1 forms two secondary spermatocytes. Meiosis 2 each spermatocyte forms two spermatids

what happens in stage 3 of spermatogenesis?

the four spermatids differentiate into sperm. each spermatid sheds superfluous cytoplasm and fashions a tail.

spermatogenesis is controlled by…

follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone