geography term 2 revision

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Last updated 10:17 AM on 4/25/26
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10 Terms

1
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climate change

  • long-term changes in weather patterns (temp, rainfall, extreme weather events)

  • driven by human activities → increases greenhouse gases

e.g. more heatwaves/bushfires in australia

<ul><li><p>long-term changes in weather patterns (temp, rainfall, extreme weather events)</p></li><li><p>driven by human activities → increases greenhouse gases</p></li></ul><p>e.g. more heatwaves/bushfires in australia</p><p></p>
2
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greenhouse effect

  • gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun

  • keeps earth warm, but human activities has intensified it

e.g. CO2 from coal increases heat trapping → increases global temp

<ul><li><p>gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun</p></li><li><p>keeps earth warm, but human activities has intensified it</p></li></ul><p>e.g. CO<sub>2</sub> from coal increases heat trapping → increases global temp</p><p></p>
3
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global warming

  • gradual increase in earth’s surface temp

  • caused by the intensified greenhouse effect (more greenhouse gases in atmosphere)

e.g. last 10 years have been the warmest (record high)

<ul><li><p>gradual increase in earth’s surface temp</p></li><li><p>caused by the intensified greenhouse effect (more greenhouse gases in atmosphere)</p></li></ul><p>e.g. last 10 years have been the warmest (record high)</p><p></p>
4
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carbon emissions

  • release of CO2 / carbon gases into the atmosphere

  • caused by human activities → increases greenhouse effect

e.g. emissions from vehicles are a major source in australia

<ul><li><p>release of CO<sub>2</sub> / carbon gases into the atmosphere</p></li><li><p>caused by human activities → increases greenhouse effect</p></li></ul><p>e.g. emissions from vehicles are a major source in australia</p><p></p>
5
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mitigation

  • actions that reduce the causes of climate change

  • lowering greenhouse gas emissions → limits impact of climate change

e.g. switching to renewable energy sources (climate change mitigation)

<ul><li><p>actions that reduce the causes of climate change</p></li><li><p>lowering greenhouse gas emissions → limits impact of climate change</p></li></ul><p>e.g. switching to renewable energy sources (climate change mitigation)</p><p></p>
6
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adaptation

  • controlling human activities → reduce the negative impacts of climate change

  • some climate change is unavoidable → manage its effects

e.g. flood barriers to protect coastal communities

<ul><li><p>controlling human activities → reduce the negative impacts of climate change</p></li><li><p>some climate change is unavoidable → manage its effects</p></li></ul><p>e.g. flood barriers to protect coastal communities</p><p></p>
7
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sustainability

  • using resources to meet current needs without harming future generations

  • balancing protection of environment, economy, and social wellbeing

e.g. maintain soil health + continue food production (sustainable farming practices)

<ul><li><p>using resources to meet current needs without harming future generations</p></li><li><p>balancing protection of environment, economy, and social wellbeing</p></li></ul><p>e.g. maintain soil health + continue food production (sustainable farming practices)</p><p></p>
8
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climate vulnerability

  • how easily affected a place is on the effects of climate change

  • judged by exposure to hazards, ability to adapt

e.g. low-lying islands are highly vulnerable to rising sea levels

<ul><li><p>how easily affected a place is on the effects of climate change</p></li><li><p>judged by exposure to hazards, ability to adapt</p></li></ul><p>e.g. low-lying islands are highly vulnerable to rising sea levels</p><p></p>
9
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sea-level rise

  • gradual increase in the levels of oceans

  • caused by expansion of seawater when it warms → serious risks to coastal environments

e.g. threatens homes/buildings near the coast

<ul><li><p>gradual increase in the levels of oceans</p></li><li><p>caused by expansion of seawater when it warms → serious risks to coastal environments </p></li></ul><p>e.g. threatens homes/buildings near the coast</p><p></p>
10
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extreme weather events

  • weather conditions very different from weather patterns (heatwaves, floods)

  • climate change increases severity of these events

e.g. intense rainfall → increased flooding

<ul><li><p>weather conditions very different from weather patterns (heatwaves, floods)</p></li><li><p>climate change increases severity of these events</p></li></ul><p>e.g. intense rainfall → increased flooding </p><p></p>