UCSP 2ND SEM FINAL TERM

Organization of Society

1. Sociology

2. Anthropology

3. Political Science

Sociology → Anthropology

Social Groups

Sociology → Political Science

Political Organizations

Anthropology → Political Science

Cultural Institutions

Organizing Society through Groups: From Families to Networks

• bounded collection of interesting individuals who are functionally, cognitively, and structurally interdependent on various degrees.

2 Types of Social Collectives

1. Social Aggregates

2. Social Categories

Social Aggregates

• People who happen to be in the same place

  ex. people waiting in line for movie tickets

Social Categories

• People who share social characteristics

  ex. women, men, teenagers, elderly, citizens of a town

2 Types of Social Structures

1. Group

2. Institutions

Group

• It is a collection of people, they can be temporary

  ex: Family

Institutions

• functioning entity, it is always permanent
  ex: Fraternities

3 Types of Social Groups

1. Primary

2. Secondary

3. Reference

Primary Groups

• small, high level of intimacy among members with a very personal relationship

• very frequent interaction like family or group of friends at school

Secondary Group

• large, less intimacy, impersonal and formal

• less frequent interaction and limited contact like political party or church

Reference Group

• influences a person’s behavior and attitudes

  • family, group of friends at school

Two Types of Group

1. In-group

2. Out-group

In-Group

• Group to which a person belongs and feels a sense of identity ex. fraternity

Out-Group

• Group to which a person does NOT belong and feels a sense of hostility towards
  ex. sports team opponent

3 Types of Cultural-Social-Political Institutions

1. Kinship

2. Marriage

3. Household

Kinship

• Social institution - refers to relations formed between members of society

Marriage

• Publicly recognized social and legal union

• Accords a child full birth-status rights common to normal members of his society

Household

• Consists of one or more people/everyone living in a housing unit.

• Families constitute households OR households are built around families

Two Types of Kinship

1. Consanguineal Kinship

2. Affinal

Consanguineal Kinship

• descent or blood relation

• Imaginary, assumed relations like fictive kinship
  ex: relation between mother & daughter

Affinal

• Based on marriage
  ex: relation between husband & wife

Extended Affinal Kinship

• includes parents & siblings of both sides, their spouses and children (relation between son-in-law & father-in-law)

Kinship Meaning

• System of social relationships between people based on blood or marriage

• biological relationship & non-biological relationship

• 2 main types: consanguineal & affinal

Descent Meaning

• Socially existing recognized biological relationship between people in society

• biological relationship

• 2 main types: unilineal & cognatic

• reckoning of relationship based on a common ancestor

Lineages

group of people related by a common ancestor

Cognates

common origin

 Fictive Kinship

• acting as if someone is kin when they are actually not

State

• Organizations created, funded, and operated by the government

Non-State

• operating in society but are NOT controlled by the government

  • banks

Privatization

• government agency that provides public services is converted into a privately owned organization

Institution

• large important organization that has a particular purpose, for example a university or bank

Social Institutions

• devoted of the promotion of a particular cause or program

• family, economics, religion, education, state

Cooperatives

• made up of people with common interest who agreed to work together for easy, safe, & affordable access to commodities, loans & other services

• novaliches development cooperative

Transnational Advocacy Groups

• networks that are united by a commitment to some practical, usually trans-sovereign issue (an issue that transcends across multiple countries)

  • ex. human rights

Development Agencies

• they promote progress by engaging in projects, policy-making, & dialogue

Civil Organizations

• groups or organizations working in the interest of the citizens but operating outside of the governmental & business sectors

  • NGOs, UNICEF, haribon foundation, habitat for humanity