Grace Step 3 Master Cram Flashcards

Comprehensive review of Step 3 concepts covering Nephrology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Endocrine, and Biostatistics.

In Nephrotic Syndrome, Child/Hodgkin is associated with __________ which is treated with Steroids.

Minimal Change

HIV, Obesity, Heroin, and Sickle Cell are associated with __________ in Nephrotic Syndrome.

FSGS

HBV, HCV, Solid tumor, and PLA2R are associated with __________ in Nephrotic Syndrome.

Membranous

In Diabetic nephropathy, DM leads to __________ nodules.

Kimmelstiel-Wilson

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is associated with Amyloidosis, which is __________.

Congo red+

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a Nephritic Syndrome characterized by __________.

low complement

__________ is a Nephritic Syndrome presenting as hematuria after URI.

IgA nephropathy

Goodpasture syndrome is characterized by hematuria, hemoptysis, and __________.

anti-GBM

RPGN (Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis) is characterized by the presence of __________.

crescents

Lupus nephritis is associated with __________.

anti-dsDNA

Prerenal AKI is characterized by a $FeNa < 1\%$.

1\%

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) is identified by the presence of __________.

muddy brown casts

Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN) presents with __________, rash, and fever.

eosinophils

Postrenal AKI typically presents with __________.

hydronephrosis

Calcium oxalate kidney stones are seen as __________.

envelope crystals

Struvite stones are associated with __________ and staghorn morphology.

urease+ organisms

Uric acid stones are __________ and seen in acidic urine.

radiolucent

Cystine stones are characterized by __________.

hexagonal crystals

In SIADH, urine osmolarity is high and urine Na is __________.

high

Hypovolemic hyponatremia is treated with __________.

normal saline

Severe symptomatic hyponatremia is treated with __________.

$3\%$ saline

Hyponatremia must be corrected slowly to avoid __________.

osmotic demyelination

Anti-dsDNA and Anti-Smith autoantibodies are specific for __________.

SLE

Anti-centromere antibodies are associated with __________.

CREST

Anti-Scl-70 antibodies are associated with __________.

Diffuse scleroderma

Anti-Jo-1 is the marker for __________.

Antisynthetase syndrome

Anti-Mi-2 is the marker for __________.

Dermatomyositis

Anti-U1 RNP is the marker for __________.

MCTD

AMA (Anti-mitochondrial antibody) is the marker for __________.

PBC

Anti-CCP is the marker for __________.

RA

GPA (Granulomatosis with polyangiitis) is associated with __________ and involves the sinus, lung, and kidney.

c-ANCA(PR3)

MPA (Microscopic polyangiitis) is associated with __________.

p-ANCA(MPO)

EGPA (Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis) is characterized by __________.

asthma + eosinophilia

PAN (Polyarteritis nodosa) is associated with HBV and __________.

spares lungs

Cryoglobulinemia is associated with __________.

HCV

In Septic shock, the first step is to administer __________.

$30\,mL/kg$ crystalloid

The first-line vasopressor for septic shock is __________.

Norepinephrine

Cardiogenic shock is managed with an __________.

inotrope

Obstructive shock management focuses on __________.

treat cause

ARDS management requires __________.

low tidal volume ventilation

In pulmonary management, __________ recruits alveoli.

PEEP

If PE is suspected with high suspicion, one should start __________.

anticoagulation

Asthma exacerbation is treated with __________.

bronchodilator + steroids

The medication __________ can lead to hypothyroidism.

Lithium

Primary hyperaldosteronism presents with HTN and __________.

hypokalemia

DKA management involves insulin, fluids, and __________.

K monitoring

Hyperthyroidism with a low TSH should be evaluated with an __________.

uptake scan

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) involves the MCP and PIP joints but __________.

spares DIP

SLE is associated with __________ levels.

low complement

Fibromyalgia is characterized by __________ levels.

normal ESR/CRP

Adult Still disease presents with __________.

quotidian fever + salmon rash

Sensitivity is used to rule __________ (SnNout).

OUT

Specificity is used to rule __________ (SpPin).

IN

__________ is defined as the number of new cases.

Incidence

__________ is defined as all existing cases.

Prevalence

The formula for NNT (Number Needed to Treat) is __________.

$$NNT = \frac{1}{ARR}$$