Chapter 32 opportunistic infections | Quizlet

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Cryptosporidiosis and cystoisoporiasis?

Parasitic infection

Manifestation: Watery diarrhea

Mode: Contaminated water

Prevention: Good hygiene, clean source of water

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Toxoplasmosis?

Parasitic infection

Manifestation: seizures , constant headache, dyspnea, nonproductive cough

Mode: Cat droppings

Prevention: good hygiene, wear gloves and wash hands after changing litter box.

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecci?

Fungal infection

Manifestation: pneumonia, dyspnea, dry nonproductive cough

Mode: Inhalation

Prevention: prophylactic treatment of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

brand name : bactrin

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Aspergillosis?

Fungal infection

Manifestation: Fever, cough, dyspnea, chest pain, throwing up blood (hemoptysis).

Mode: Inhalation of Aspergillus spores found in soil

Prevention: Avoid wet, cool places

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Candidasis?

Fungal infection

Manifestation: oral thrush, white plaque

inflamed tongue underneath

Mode: present in mouth, vagina, GI tract

Prevention: prophylactic drug(Nystatin)

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Histoplasmosis?

Fungal infection

Manifestations: Fever, night sweats, weight loss, dyspnea. Hypotension, skin and mucous lesions.

Mode : Inhaling bird droppings

Prevention: avoid bird droppings, caves, and soil

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) virus?

Viral Infection

Manifestations: Inflammation (Retinitis)

Mode: Unprotected sex

Prevention: avoid exposure to bodily fluids, Practice safe sex

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Herpes simplex virus and Herpes Zoster Virus?

Viral infection

Manifestations: Lesions and sores of the mouth and genitals. When HZV is reactivated, can turn into shingles.

Mode: Caused by the reactivation of a dormant virus

Prevention: Practice safe sex.

No cure but antivirials can supress.

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Oral hairy leukoplakia?

Viral infection

Manifestations: Epstein-Barr virus causes firm plaques on the side of tongue.

Mode: Acquired through salivia

Prevention: No preventative measures, suppress with HAART.

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Virus infection

Manifestation: weakness, speech and language abnormalities, CNS issues.

Mode: Mosquito and tick bites

Prevention: Protect against insect bites

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Bacillary angiomatosis?

Bacterial infection

Manifestation: Skin lesions, papules and plaques

Mode: bite and scratches from cats

Prevention: be careful around cats, make sure cats are treated for fleas

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex?

Manifestation: fever fatigue weightloss

Mode: Found everywhere in food, animal, and soil

Prevention: prophylactic treatment when CD4 count is below 50cells/mm3

What are the clinical manifestations, mode of transmission, and prevention of Tuberculosis

Manifestations: cough, night sweats, chest pain, low grade fever, positive TB test.

Mode: Droplet contact

Prevention: avoid people infected with TB, good hand washing.