Urinary - Clinical Consideration

Sweating, diarrhea, vomiting, and not enough water intake are all causes of?

Dehydration

What are the symptoms of severe dehydration?

fever, CNS abnormalities, and death

What causes hypotonic hydration?

Ingestion of too much water

What are the symptoms of hypotonic hydration

CNS dysfunction

What is caused by hypotonic hydration?

Decrease un fluid pool osmolarity

What is hypervolemia

too high plasma volume

What can cause hypervolemia

renal or liver failure

What is hypovolemia

loss of plasma volume

What is caused by hypovolemia

loss of water and solutes

What can cause hypovolemia

diabetes, burns, wounds, diarrhea, or vomiting

Hypotonic hydration is a common condition

FALSE

What are the two types of acid/alkalosis?

Respiratory and metabolic

What are the most common caused of respiratory acidosis

Cardiac failure or opioid overdose

Common causes of metabolic acidosis

Overproduction of organic acids, kidney's not secreting protons, severe diarrhea

Range of normal blood pH is ______

7.35-7.45

Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by oversecreting stomach acid

TRUE

Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by ____ which causes excessive CO2 lose.

hyperventilation

Chronic respiratory alkalosis can be caused by ____.

High altitude sickness

What is the clinical term for inferior movement of the kidney?

renal ptosis

Renal Ptosis is caused by loss of ___, most common in elderly and those with anorexia nervosa

adipose tissue

What problem is presented by renal ptosis

Ureter kinks

Hydronephrosis is the ___ which can lead to renal failure

swelling of the kidney

Renal failure is treated with?

Dialysis or kidney transplant

Renal failure is often caused by

chronic diseases, autoimmune diseases high blood pressure, or diabetes

Kidney stones are also known as ___

renal calculi

Risk factors for kidney stone formation

inadequate fluid intake, frequent UTIs, abnormal mineral levels in urine

Larger stones may be require ___ intervention

lithotripsy or ureteroscopy

Stones <4 mm will likely pass without intervention

TRUE

Larger stones may ___ kidneys, ureters, or renal pelvis

obstruct

A UTI of the urethra is called ___

urethritis

A UTI of the bladder is called ___

cystitis

A UTI of the kidney is called ___

pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis can cause pain in _ & _ as well as nausea

flank, back

Glucosuria is caused by a glucose plasma concentration above ___ mg/dL

300

Glucose acts as a ___ pulling water into tubular fluid

diuretic

Symptoms of sodium imbalances are all ____.

CNS dysfunction

Symptoms of potassium imbalances are mostly ___

muscle dysfunction

Symptoms of calcium impacts are mostly ___.

Cardiovascular

___natremia, ___kalemia, can be caused by renal diseases.

Hypo, Hyper

Addison's disease causes ___nateremia and ___kalemia

hypo, hyper