BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I Exam Review

Vocabulary flashcards derived from the key topics in the BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I exam review.

Abduction

Movement away from the body's midline.

Elevation

Movement of a structure superiorly (upwards).

Depression

Movement of a structure inferiorly (downwards).

Retraction

Posterior movement in the horizontal plane.

Protraction

Forward movement in the horizontal plane.

Saddle joint

A joint that allows flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Plantarflexion

Movement that points the toes by extending at the ankle.

Pivot joint

A joint that allows rotation, such as the atlantoaxial joint.

Synovial joint

A joint where bones touch each other within a cavity filled with lubricating fluid.

Uniaxial joint

A joint that allows movement in one plane, such as the elbow joint.

Fibrous joint

A joint connected by fibrous connective tissue, as seen in sutures of the skull.

Amphiarthrosis

A functional classification indicating limited movement in a joint.

Articular cartilage

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction at joint surfaces.

Synovial fluid

A lubricating fluid in a synovial joint that provides nutrients to cartilage.

Ligaments

Connective tissues that support joints by limiting their movements.

Bursa

A sac that reduces friction between bones and other structures in a joint.

Diarthrosis

A type of joint that allows free movement.

Hinge joint

A joint allowing bending and straightening motions along a single axis.

Glenohumeral joint

The shoulder joint, which is prone to dislocation.

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease characterized by wear and tear of articular cartilage.

Intervertebral discs

Cartilaginous structures providing cushioning and allowing movement between vertebrae.

Syndesmosis

A fibrous joint where two parallel bones are united by longer connective tissue.

Meniscus

A crescent-shaped cartilage structure important for joint stability and shock absorption.