Anatomy Exam 5

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Filtering blood, Excreting Waste

What happens when filtering blood?

Adjusts composition, pH, volume, pressure, osmolarity

What is the structure of the Urinary System?

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

What is the function of the kidneys?

Filteration

What is the function of the ureters?

Carry urine to the bladder

What is the function of the Bladder?

To store Urine

What is the function of the Urethra?

Carry urine to outside during urination

What is the structure of the kidneys?

Right slightly inferior to left, protected by floating ribs, posterior to the peritoneum

What is the Renal Hilum?

Concave medial border, where renal artery/vein/ureter emerge

What are the 3 layers of the kidney (external)

Renal capsule, Adipose capsule, Renal fascia

What is the renal capsule?

1st layer of kidney, Deepest, Dense irregular CT

What is the Adipose Capsule?

2nd layer of kidney, made of adipose CT

What is the renal fascia?

3rd layer of kidney, Superficial, dense irregular CT

What are the two internal structures of the kidney?

Outer renal cortex & Inner renal medulla

What are Renal pyramids?

Base near cortex, renal papillae near hilum, and separated by renal columns

What do nephrons do?

Drain filtrate into papillary ducts in renal papillae

Where do papillary ducts drain?

Minor Calyces 8-18 per kidney

Where do minor calyces drain?

Major Calyces 2-3 per kidney

Where do major calyces drain?

Renal pelvis, continuous with ureter

What are the 2 functional units of the kidney?

Renal corpuscles & Renal Tubule

What happens in renal corpuscles?

Blood plasma is filtered

What happens in Renal Tubule?

Filtered fluid travels through

What are nephrons associated with?

Blood capillaries, afferent arteriole, glomerulus

What are Efferent Arterioles?

Divides to form peritubular capillaries, vasa recta

What are the parts of the renal corpuscles?

Glomerulus ( capillary network) & Glomerular capsule (epithelial cup surrounding glomerulus)

What are the parts of renal tubule?

Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (descending & ascending), Distal convoluted tubule

What are the 3 processes of nephron function?

Glomerular filteration,Tubular reabsorption, Tubular secretion

What is the function Glomerular filtration?

Water and most solutes in blood plasma are filtered into capsules

What is the function of tubular reabsorption?

Most water and useful solutes are reabsorbed from the renal tubes into the blood

What is the function of tubular secretion?

Renal tubule cells secrete other wastes, drugs, excess ions into tubules

Will be excreted as waste in urine

What is the structure of Glomerular filtration?

Ball-like glomerulus ( fenestrated blood capillaries)

supplied by afferent arteriole

Efferent arteriole

What is a glomerular corpuscle?

Parietal layer

Visceral layer made of podocytes with projections called pedicles

Capsular space in between, where filtered plasma initially collects

What % of blood plasma in glomerular filtration?

16-20%

Where is the blood plasma filtered in glomerular filtration?

Filtered into capsular space

What happens in proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

Most reabsorption occurs

During PCT what things are absorbed?

Water, Glucose, amino acids, N+,K+,HCO, Ca+, Mg+,Urea