AHS 131 Lab Exam 2

Osteon - structural unit of compact bone

What is circled in red

Osteon - structural unit of compact bone

What is circled in Red

concentric lamellae - layers of bony matrix around a central canal

What is circled in yellow

circumferential lamellae - a bony lamella that encircles the outer or inner surface of a bone

What are the green lines

interstitial lamellae - fill spaces between osteons

What are the blue lines

Central Canal - contains blood vessels and nerves

What is circled in white

Lacuna - small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes

What is circled in orange

Lacuna - small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes

What is circled in orange

Canaliculi - Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

What is circled in purple/What are the red lines

Periosteum - A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.

What is circled in pink

Sharpey's fibers - connect periosteum to compact bone

What is circled in grey

Perforating canal - canal perpendicular to the central canal, carries blood vessels and nerves

Maxillae - upper jaw

Purple

Alveolar Processes - bony points between teeth

Solid yellow lines

Infraorbital foramen - Hole on the cheeks/opening under the orbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels the the nasal region

#35

Palatine Process - forms the anterior portion of the hard palate (roof) of the mouth also forms parts of the nasal cavity and eye orbits

Bright pink

Palatine - bone that forms the hard palate and parts of the nose and orbits/ above the sphenoid

Purple

Nasal - Nose bridge region

Yellow

Inferior nasal conchae - The lowermost scroll-shaped bones on the sidewalls of the nasal cavity.

Hooks on either side of the vomer

Zygomatic - Cheek bone

Green

Zygomatic arch - connects zygomatic bone to temporal bone

Bright green by #28 ( whole structure)

Temporal process - the zygomatic bone that connects the zygomatic to the temporal bone

#28

Lacrimal - Tear ducts

Light blue diamond

Lacrimal canal - hole where lacrimal is

Hole by light green

Vomer - nasal septum

White

Mandible - Chin/whole lower jaw

Whole structure

Body - in between the angle and mental foramen

Light green section (solid line)

Ramus - section between the mandibular condyle and coronoid process

Red lines

Angle - point of the jawline

Red arrow

Mandibular condyle - outer hinge point of the jaw/ bigger notch

Dotted green circle

Coronoid process - in front of the mandibular condyle

Yellow dotted circle

Mental protuberance - point of the chin

Point at solid green line angle to the right by aquamarine arrow

Mental foramen - hole on the chin

Aquamarine arrow

Mandibular foramen - hole on the inside of the mandible

Bluish marking

occipital - bone of the back of the skull

Grey circle

external occipital protuberance - Bump on the back of the head

White

Foramen magnum - big hole in the occipital bone

Yellow

Hypoglossal canal - Tiny holes inside the foramen magnum

Structure inside foramen magnum

lambdoid suture - outlines the occipital in the back of the head

Yellow arrow

Occipital condyles - Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

Light blue

Parietal - side of the skull

Red star

Sagittal suture - along the sagittal plane

Blue arrow

Frontal - forehead bone

yellow star

Coronal suture -along the frontal plane

green arrow

Temporal - temple bones

Red

Zygomatic process - the temporal bone that connects to the zygomatic bone on the zygomatic arch

#27

Styloid process - pointy processes on the side of the occipital bone and on the zygomatic bone

Green

Mastoid process - big bumps on the back of the zygomatic bone

Orange

External acoustic meatus - Canal leading to eardrum and middle ear

Internal acoustic meatus - socket below the sphenoid and to the sides of the foramen magnum

stylomastoid foramen - holes between the mastoid process and jugular foramen

Carotid canal - above the jugular foramen; weird indentation; from the inferior view

#7

jugular foramen - J shaped hole near the mastoid process

Squamous suture - above the temporal bone

Sphenoid - butterfly structure above the occipital bone

Sella turcica - in between lesser and greater wing; saddle shaped

Greater wing - bottom wing that's more indented in

Lesser wing - on top of the greater wing; looks like a bat

Pterygoid process - the legs of the goblin; under the palatine

"Legs of the goblin"

Foramen ovale - outer hole near lacerum, away from the sella turcica

Foramen lacerum - first hole in inner greater wing

Optic canal - the eyes of the yoda in between the lesser wings

Foramen rotundum - superior to the lacerum; inside the greater wing

Superior orbital fissure - Face front: upper portion of the X hole in the eyes

Inferior orbital fissure - Face front; lower portion of the X hole in the eyes

Ethmoid - bone that forms the back of the nose and encloses numerous air cells

Crista Galli - protrusion on the ethmoid

Protrusion

Cribriform plate - area around the crista galli; crib goes around the baby

Area Surrounding the protrusion

Olfactory Foramen - dots around the crista galli

Dots

Perpendicular plate - same structure as the vomer but the top portion

Superior nasal conchae - bump on the inside of the nose; not really recognizable

Middle nasal conchae - short bump under the superior nasal conchae and above the inferior nasal conchae

Hyoid - inside bone that supports the tongue; super small

vertebrae - the bones forming the spinal column or backbone

vertebrae Body - space in between the transverse foramen

Spinous process - slender tip

Lamina - connects transverse process to spinous process

Transverse process - out to the side; two of them

Pedicle - connects the transverse process to the vertebral body

Articular facet - where we are forming a joint; flat surface

Vertebral canal - big hole in the middle

Cervical vertebrae (#7) - smaller holes on either side; transverse foramen (sloth face)

transverse foramen (cervical vertebrae)

Atlas (C1) - sloth face ring

Anterior arch of the Atlas - less arched side, smooth

Posterior arch of the Atlas - spine on the back

Axis (C2) - Rhino; what other bone spins on

Dens - rhino horn

Thoracic vertebrae (#12) - looks like a giraffe with a downward spine

Costal facet of the thoracic vertebrae- behind the articular facet on the mouth of the spinous process

Lumbar vertebrae (#5).- big thick chunky clunky

Sacrum - elephant without the trunk

Sacrum base - widest part

Sacrum apex - narrow part

Sacral foramina - all the holes

Holes

Median sacral crest - middle ridge down the trunk of the elephant

Lateral sacral crest - sides of the median sacral crest

Coccyx - elephant trunk

Very end attachment

True ribs (1-7) - directly attached to sternum

false ribs (8-12) - all come together into one cartilage fused together that is connected at one point in the sternum