Psychosocial Aspects of Pain Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the psychosocial aspects of pain, including the flag system, clinical assessment tools, and the fear-avoidance model.

Pain (IASP Definition)

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage.

Low Back Pain (LBP) Prevalence

$80\%$ of people will develop low back pain at some time in their life, making it the most widely reported MSK disorder in the US.

Biopsychosocial Model

A model that takes into consideration biological factors, psychological factors, and social factors, with cognitions at the heart of the psychosocial portion.

Red Flags

Clinical indicators in the flag system primarily related to safety.

Yellow Flags

Psychosocial factors that have been shown to correlate to the development of persistent pain, including behaviors, emotions, and family/work issues.

Blue Flags

Factors in the flag system representing occupational issues.

Black Flags

Factors in the flag system representing socio-occupational issues.

Orange Flags

Clinical indicators of psychiatric symptoms, such as clinical depression or personality disorder.

Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ)

A questionnaire created by Waddell et al ($1993$) used to assess how physical activity and work affect a patient's back pain.

OSPRO-YF

The Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Yellow Flag assessment tool, used to estimate questionnaire scores and identify yellow flags across multiple domains.

Pain Catastrophizing

The inability to foresee anything other than the worst possible outcome; it is closely tied to the fear avoidance model and often follows exposure to biomedical models.

PHQ-9

A screening tool used within the Negative Mood domain for assessing depression.

APTA Position #P06-20-40-10

A position passed in $2020$ stating it is within the professional scope of physical therapist practice to screen for and address behavioral and mental health conditions.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Traumatic events occurring between ages $0-17$ (e.g., violence, abuse, household instability) that predict future persistent pain and opioid use.

Three E’s of Trauma

Event (the traumatic exposure), Experience (the individual's perception), and Effects (long-lasting adverse consequences).

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)

The conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect health functioning and quality of life.

Pain Neuromatrix

The brain's appraisal of threat, which is further affected by gender, culture, media, personality, and socioeconomic status.

Fear (Pain Context)

A distressing negative experience induced by a perceived threat, often involving the belief that movement will further damage tissues.