Jason Dion Network+ with accurate solutions + explanations(pass guaranteed)

What are networks?

Networks are used to make connections between machines.

What is a converged network?

A network that combines multiple types of data like voice, video, and data into a single network.

What is the 5 nines of availability?

Having an uptime 99.999% of the time (downtime is 5 min a year)

What is a client?

devices used by an end user to access the network

What is a server?

A devices that provides resources to clients or other servers on a network.

What is a hub?

Repeater that connects other devices together.

How does a hub relay frames?

Through broadcasts

What is a WAP?

Wireless Access Point

What does a WAP do?

A device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network.

What is a switch?

Device that connects network devices together.

What is a router?

A device that connects two different networks together.

What does a router do?

Forwards data packets to their network destination while forwarding traffic intelligently through IP addresses.

What is Media?

Connects two devices or a device to a switch port.

Cables.

What is WANL??

Wide area network Link

What is the client/server model?

uses dedicated server to provide access to files, scanners, and other network devices.

What are benefits of client/server model?

Administration and backup is easier.

Centralized communication

Easier management

Better Scalability

What is a peer to peer model?

Peers share resources directly with others.

What are the benefits of peer to peer models?

lower cost

no dedicated resources

no specialized OS

PAN

Personal Area Network

What is a PAN?

Personal Area Network.

Smallest type of wired or wireless network and covers about 10 feet.

What are examples of a PAN?

Bluetooth

USB connections

LAN

Local Area Network

What is the IEEE standard for ethernet?

802.3

What is the IEEE standard for wireless?

802.11

CAN

Campus Area Network

MAN

Metropolitan Area Network

WAN

Wide Area Network

What is a bus topology?

Single cable running through an area that requires network connectivity and each device taps into the cable.

What network topology is considered a single collision domain?

Bus Topology

What is a ring topology?

Uses a single cable running in a circular loop and each device is connected to the ring.

Data travels in a singular direction.

What is a token ring?

Electronic tag that prevents collisions by requiring devices to hold the token when communicating on the network.

NO REDUNDANCY

FDDI

Fiber Distributed Data Interface

What does FDDI do?

uses two counter rotating rings for redundancy.

What is a star topology?

Most popular

central point each client device connects to

Hub and Spoke topology

Similar to a star, but with WAN links instead of LAN connections.

Used for connecting multiple sites

Full Mesh topology

Most redundant

All nodes are connected to each other.

optimal routing between nodes is always available.

EXPENSIVE

Partial mesh topology

A hybrid of a hub-and-spoke topology and a full-mesh topology. A partial-mesh topology can be designed to provide an optimal route between selected sites, while avoiding the expense of interconnecting every site to every other site.

What are three wireless network topologies?

Infrastructure, Ad Hoc, and wireless mesh.

What is infrastructure mode?

Uses a wireless access point as a centralized point and supports wireless security controls and centralized management.

What is Ad Hoc?

decentralized wireless network which creates peer to peer connections and does not require a router or an access point.

What is mesh wireless?

Interconnection of different nodes, devices, or radios which consists of clients, routers, gateway, and other devices.

802.11

The IEEE standard for wireless networking.

Bluetooth

Wireless PAN technology that transmits signals over short distances between cell phones, computers, and other devices

RFID

radio frequency identification, similar to barcodes but uses chip that works with electromagnetic fields.

NFC

(Near Field Communication) e.g. contactless payment debit cards and smartphone NFC chips.

IR

Infrared

Z-wave

A short-range low-power network technology used for the Internet of Things.

ANT+

ANT is a proven ultra-low power (ULP) wireless protocol that is responsible for sending information wirelessly from one device to another device, in a robust and flexible manner.

WORKS WITH SENSORS

Asynchoronous communication

uses a start bit and stop bit to indicate when transmissions occur from sender and receiver.

synchronous communication

communications that occur at the same time. Uses reference clock to coordinate the transmission between two devices.

What is broadband?

Divides the bandwidth between separate channels.

think cable TV

What is baseband?

All frequencies are used all of the time on the medium for communication.

what is TDM?

time division multiplexing.

Each session is taking turns, using time slots, to share the medium between all users.

What is multiplexing?

Combining multiple signals for transmission over a single transmission path.

Isochronous communication

common reference clock

creates time slots for communication

What is packet switching?

a mode of data transmission in which a message is broken into a number of parts that are sent independently, over whatever route is optimum for each packet, and reassembled at the destination.

what is circuit switching?

a dedicated private link that sends messages on the network

what is message switching?

data is divided into messages, except these messages may be stored and forwarded.

what is ICMP?

Internet control message protocol - used for testing basic connectivity, diagnostics, control, and error messaging

What is the three-way handshake?

The opening sequence of a TCP connection. SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK

what is windowing?

Windowing allows a single acknowledgment of multiple TCP segments. This can be adjusted based upon the host requirements.

What is buffering?

occurs when devices allocate memory to store segments if bandwidth is not readily available.

H.323

A VoIP standard that handles the initiation, setup, and delivery of VoIP and video sessions.

TLS

Transport Layer Security. Used to encrypt traffic on the wire.

what does the presentation layer do?

deals with formatting of data and encryption.

What does the application layer do?

It is the layer which interacts with the user to provide access to services and data that is sent/received over a network.

Infrastructure Mode

Uses a wireless point as a centralized point and supports wireless security controls and centralized management.

Ad Hoc

Decentralized wireless network which creates peer to peer connections and doe not require a router or an access point.

Wireless Mesh

A wireless topology made up of transmissions points with overlapping ranges.

Broadband

divides the bandwidth between separate channels.

Like TV

Baseband

a type of transmission in which the entire channel capacity of the communications medium (such as cable) is used by one data signal, enabling only one node to transmit at a time

LLC

Logical Link Control

What does logical link control (LLC) do?

Flow control

provides connection services and acknowledgement of receipt of messages.

isochronous

common reference clock

synchronous

network devices agree on clocking methods to indicate beginning and end frames

asynchronous

devices use their own clocks

Describe TCP

Reliable, connection-oriented delivery

Describe UDP

connectionless, unsequenced best effort delivery. Sends data but does not check to see if it is received

What does the session layer do?

deals with establishment, management

and dissolution of sessions

What happens when a session is set up in the session layer?

Checking of user credentials and assigning numbers to sessions to identify them.

H.323

A VoIP standard that handles the initiation, setup, and delivery of VoIP sessions.

What does H.323 operate over?

RTP

RTP

Real Time Protocol

NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System)

Protocol that operates at the Session layer of the OSI seven-layer model. This protocol creates and manages connections based on the names of the computers involved.

Layer 6

presentation layer

What is layer 6 (presentation layer) responsible for?

formatting data exchange and securing the data with proper encryption.

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

TLS

Transport Layer Security

What does TLS do?

Transport layer security creates encrypted tunnel to ensure confidentiality.

Application Layer

The seventh layer of the OSI model. Application layer protocols enable software programs to negotiate formatting, procedural, security, synchronization, and other requirements with the network.

TCP/IP Model

A four-layer data communication model

developed by the United States Department of Defense. To some extent, it is similar to the OSI model.

First layer of the TCP/IP model

Network Interface

Second Layer of TCP/IP

Internet

Third Layer of the TCP/IP

Transport

Fourth layer of the TCP/IP

Application

Network Interface Layer (TCP/IP layer)

Concerned with physical and electrical characteristics. It describes how to transmit bits across the network and determines how the interface uses network medium

Internet Layer (TCP/IP model)

Routes data from source to destination by defining packet and addressing scheme, moves data between the link and transport layers, routing packets of data to remote hosts, and performing fragmentation and reassembly of data packets. Where IP operates.

Transport Layer (TCP/IP model)

Communication session management between hosts and defines level of service and status connection used for transport.

Application Layer (TCP/IP model)

Provides applications for file transfer, network troubleshooting, and internet activities. Also supports APIs

What are ports?

A computer uses ports to connect with peripheral devices