Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Reference

Vocabulary flashcards defining the key structural components and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms based on the provided lecture notes.

Prokaryotes

Organisms such as Bacteria and Archaea that lack a nucleus, have a single circular chromosome, and do not contain membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotes

Organisms such as Fungi, Algae, and Protozoa that possess a nucleus, multiple linear chromosomes, and membrane-bound organelles.

Nucleus

A structure in eukaryotic cells that stores and controls the cell's genetic information ($DNA$).

Nucleoid region

The specific region in a prokaryotic cell where the cell's $DNA$ is located, not surrounded by a membrane.

Binary fission

The process of cell division utilized by prokaryotes.

Mitosis

The process of cell division utilized by eukaryotes.

Histones

Proteins associated with chromosomes that are present in eukaryotes but absent in prokaryotes.

Peptidoglycan

The specific chemical found in the cell walls of bacteria.

Pseudo murein

The specific chemical found in the cell walls of archaea.

Polysaccharides

Cell wall chemicals in eukaryotes, such as cellulose and chitin.

Mycoplasma

A type of prokaryote noted for having no cell wall.

Circular chromosome

The single chromosome structure typically found in prokaryotes.

Linear chromosomes

The multiple chromosome structures typically found in eukaryotes.

Organelles

Cytoplasmic structures such as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and Endoplasmic reticulum that are absent in prokaryotes but present in eukaryotes.