Fluids

Given the following numbers from systemic arterial blood, what disorder would you expect? pH = 7.6 PCO2 = 50 mm Hg Bicarb = 30 mEq/L

Emphysema

Diarrhea

Vomiting

Recent arrival at altitude

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Vomiting

If we injected lactic acid into a resting individual, hemoglobin leaving a systemic capillary would be

More saturated with oxygen.

Less saturated with oxygen.

Oxygen saturation would not change.

Less saturated with oxygen.

Please interpret the following acid/base imbalance: pH = 7.2 PCO2 = 25 mm Hg Bicarb = 16 mEq/L

Respiratory acidosis without renal compensation

Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation

Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation

Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

Shortly after arriving at altitude, the pH of a person would be

High

Low

Normal

High

Which of the following numbers might represent arterial blood measurements of a human shortly after arriving at 14,000 feet?

pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, bicarb = 32 mEq/L

pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 20 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, bicarb = 32 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 20 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

pH = 7.4, PCO2 = 40 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 20 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

Which of the following numbers might represent arterial blood measurements of a person with diarrhea?

pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, bicarb = 32 mEq/L

pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 20 mm Hg, bicarb = 16 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, bicarb = 32 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 20 mm Hg, bicarb = 16 mEq/L

pH = 7.4, PCO2 = 40 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 20 mm Hg, bicarb = 16 mEq/L

If a person's respiratory rate increases from 12/minute to 16 per minute with no change in tidal volume, but there is no change in arterial PO2 or PCO2, the respiratory system would be

Increasing pH

Decreasing pH

Maintaining pH

Maintaining pH

The major extracellular cation is

Sodium

Potassium

Calcium

Chloride

Bicarbonate

Sodium

If we drank a solution that had the same osmolarity as our extracellular fluid, but the only solute was potassium, intracellular fluid volume would

Increase

Decrease

Not change

Increase

Which of the following numbers would make sense shortly after arriving at high altitude?

pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 24 mEq/L

pH = 7.4, PCO2 = 40 mm Hg, Bicarb = 24 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 24 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 24 mEq/L

If a person's respiratory rate increases from 12/minute to 16 per minute with no change in tidal volume, but there is no change in arterial PO2 or PCO2, they are

Hyperventilating

Hypoventilating

Euventilating (neither hyperventilating nor hypoventilating)

Euventilating (neither hyperventilating nor hypoventilating)

Many choice (choose 3): Imagine a drug that shuts down the glycolytic pathway. In this case

Acetyl CoA levels within cells would rise

Acetyl CoA levels within cells would fall

Ketoacids in the blood would rise

Ketoacids in the blood would fall

Blood pH would rise

Blood pH would fall

Ketoacids in the blood would rise

Blood pH would fall

The major intracellular cation is

Sodium

Potassium

Calcium

Chloride

Bicarbonate

Potassium

Please choose numbers you might expect to see from someone who has been vomiting for 24 hours:

pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 16 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 16 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

Which of the following numbers might represent arterial blood measurements of a human one week after arriving at 14,000 feet? (assume the person has not yet completely adapted)

pH = 7.3, PCO2 = 50 mm Hg, bicarb = 32 mEq/L

pH = 7.3, PCO2 = 30 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

pH = 7.5, PCO2 = 50 mm Hg, bicarb = 32 mEq/L

pH = 7.5, PCO2 = 30 mm Hg, bicarb = 24 mEq/L

pH = 7.5, PCO2 = 30 mm Hg, bicarb = 19 mEq/L

pH = 7.5, PCO2 = 30 mm Hg, bicarb = 19 mEq/L

If we injected lactic acid into the bloodstream of a resting individual and measure arterial pH, the pH would be

Low

High

Unchanged

Low

If we injected lactic acid into the bloodstream of a resting individual,

Ventilation would increase.

Ventilation would decrease.

Ventilation would not change.

Ventilation would increase.

Please interpret the following acid/base imbalance: pH = 7.2 PCO2 = 60 mm Hg Bicarb = 24 mEq/L

Respiratory acidosis without renal compensation

Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation

Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation

Respiratory acidosis without renal compensation

If we inject someone with lactic acid, which of the following numbers would make sense?

pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 16 mEq/L

pH = 7.4, PCO2 = 40 mm Hg, Bicarb = 24 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 16 mEq/L

pH = 7.6, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, Bicarb = 32 mEq/L

pH = 7.2, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, Bicarb = 16 mEq/L

If a person's arterial blood gas numbers were as follows, the person is ______________.

PO2 = 85 mm Hg

PCO2 = 30 mm Hg

Hyperventilating

Hypoventilating

Euventilating (neither hyperventilating nor hypoventilating)

Hyperventilating

In epithelial tissue, if bicarbonate moves to one side of the tissue, which of the following moves to the other?

Sodium

Potassium

Calcium

Chloride

Bicarbonate

Chloride