18. Personality and Emotions

undervalue /ˌʌndəˈvæljuː/ (v)

đánh giá thấp. Ex: (1) Do not undervalue your abilities. (2) Some people undervalue their achievements. (3) Employees often feel frustrated when their contributions are undervalued.

misbehave /ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪv/ (v)

cư xử không đúng mực. Ex: (1) The child misbehaved in class. (2) He was punished for misbehaving. (3) People may misbehave when they are under pressure.

concern /kənˈsɜːn/ (n)

mối lo ngại, sự quan tâm. Ex: (1) Safety is a major concern. (2) She expressed concern about his health. (3) Environmental protection is a growing public concern.

neglect /nɪˈɡlekt/ (n)

sự lơ là, bỏ bê. Ex: (1) The garden suffered from neglect. (2) Child neglect is a serious issue. (3) Years of neglect damaged the historic building.

clash /klæʃ/ (n)

xung đột, va chạm. Ex: (1) There was a clash of opinions. (2) The clash caused tension in the group. (3) Cultural clashes sometimes occur in international workplaces.

dispute /dɪˈspjuːt/ (n)

tranh chấp, tranh luận. Ex: (1) They settled the dispute peacefully. (2) The dispute lasted for weeks. (3) A legal dispute delayed the construction project.

opposition /ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn/ (n)

sự phản đối. Ex: (1) The plan faced opposition. (2) Strong opposition forced changes. (3) Public opposition prevented the proposal from being approved.

resistance /rɪˈzɪstəns/ (n)

sự chống đối, kháng cự. Ex: (1) The idea met resistance. (2) He showed resistance to change. (3) Resistance from local residents delayed the project.

define /dɪˈfaɪn/ (v)

định nghĩa; xác định. Ex: (1) Can you define the term? (2) Success is difficult to define. (3) Life experiences often define a person's character.

emotional intelligence /ɪˌməʊʃənl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/ (n)

trí tuệ cảm xúc. Ex: (1) Emotional intelligence is important. (2) Managers need emotional intelligence. (3) Strong emotional intelligence improves communication and teamwork.

empathy /ˈempəθi/ (n)

sự đồng cảm. Ex: (1) She showed empathy. (2) Empathy helps build relationships. (3) Good leaders demonstrate empathy toward their employees.

sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/ (n)

sự cảm thông. Ex: (1) I felt sympathy for him. (2) She expressed sympathy after the loss. (3) The community showed sympathy toward affected families.

vigorous /ˈvɪɡərəs/ (adj)

mạnh mẽ, đầy năng lượng. Ex: (1) He is a vigorous runner. (2) The discussion was vigorous. (3) A vigorous campaign raised awareness of the issue.

extroversion /ˌekstrəˈvɜːʃn/ (n)

tính hướng ngoại. Ex: (1) Extroversion can aid communication. (2) Her extroversion makes networking easier. (3) Jobs involving public interaction often favor extroversion.

introversion /ˌɪntrəˈvɜːʃn/ (n)

tính hướng nội. Ex: (1) Introversion is not a weakness. (2) His introversion makes him reflective. (3) Introversion is often associated with thoughtful decision-making.

extrovert /ˈekstrəvɜːt/ (n)

người hướng ngoại. Ex: (1) She is an extrovert. (2) Extroverts enjoy social events. (3) As an extrovert, he easily makes new friends.

introvert /ˈɪntrəvɜːt/ (n)

người hướng nội. Ex: (1) He is an introvert. (2) Introverts often enjoy quiet activities. (3) Many introverts prefer meaningful conversations to small talk.

dread /dred/ (n)

nỗi sợ hãi, lo sợ. Ex: (1) She felt dread. (2) The news filled him with dread. (3) Many students experience dread before important exams.

terror /ˈterə(r)/ (n)

sự kinh hoàng. Ex: (1) The noise caused terror. (2) They looked at each other in terror. (3) The sudden earthquake created widespread terror.

forgiving /fəˈɡɪvɪŋ/ (adj)

khoan dung, dễ tha thứ. Ex: (1) She is forgiving. (2) A forgiving attitude reduces conflict. (3) Forgiving people often maintain healthier relationships.

merciful /ˈmɜːsɪfl/ (adj)

nhân từ, khoan dung. Ex: (1) The judge was merciful. (2) She gave a merciful response. (3) A merciful leader considers people's circumstances.

tolerant /ˈtɒlərənt/ (adj)

khoan dung, bao dung. Ex: (1) He is tolerant of differences. (2) A tolerant society is more peaceful. (3) Tolerant attitudes encourage cultural understanding.

unforgiving /ˌʌnfəˈɡɪvɪŋ/ (adj)

không khoan dung. Ex: (1) He was unforgiving. (2) Her tone sounded unforgiving. (3) An unforgiving attitude can damage relationships.

groundwork /ˈɡraʊndwɜːk/ (n)

nền tảng, công việc chuẩn bị. Ex: (1) They laid the groundwork. (2) Good habits provide groundwork for success. (3) Years of research formed the groundwork for the discovery.

appreciative /əˈpriːʃətɪv/ (adj)

biết ơn, cảm kích. Ex: (1) She was appreciative. (2) We are appreciative of your help. (3) Employees are appreciative when their efforts are recognized.

ungrateful /ʌnˈɡreɪtfl/ (adj)

vô ơn. Ex: (1) He seemed ungrateful. (2) Do not be ungrateful for support. (3) Ignoring others' sacrifices may appear ungrateful.

thankful /ˈθæŋkfl/ (adj)

biết ơn. Ex: (1) I am thankful for your help. (2) She felt thankful after recovering. (3) Many people are thankful for supportive friends.

integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ (n)

sự chính trực. Ex: (1) Integrity is important. (2) She acted with integrity. (3) Leaders should demonstrate integrity in difficult situations.

meaningless /ˈmiːnɪŋləs/ (adj)

vô nghĩa. Ex: (1) The argument was meaningless. (2) He felt the task was meaningless. (3) Achievements often feel meaningless without a clear purpose.

pessimistic /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj)

bi quan. Ex: (1) He is pessimistic. (2) She felt pessimistic about the outcome. (3) A pessimistic attitude can limit personal growth.

optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj)

lạc quan. Ex: (1) She is optimistic. (2) We remain optimistic about the future. (3) Optimistic people often recover from setbacks more quickly.

pessimism /ˈpesɪmɪzəm/ (n)

sự bi quan. Ex: (1) His pessimism affected others. (2) Excessive pessimism reduces motivation. (3) Pessimism can prevent people from taking opportunities.

forbearing /fɔːˈbeərɪŋ/ (adj)

nhẫn nhịn, kiên nhẫn. Ex: (1) She was forbearing. (2) A forbearing person avoids unnecessary conflict. (3) Parents often need a forbearing attitude.

impatient /ɪmˈpeɪʃnt/ (adj)

thiếu kiên nhẫn. Ex: (1) He became impatient. (2) She was impatient with delays. (3) Impatient people may make rushed decisions.

tranquilly /ˈtræŋkwɪli/ (adv)

một cách yên bình. Ex: (1) The lake flowed tranquilly. (2) She sat tranquilly by the river. (3) They spent the evening tranquilly discussing their plans.

serenely /səˈriːnli/ (adv)

một cách thanh thản. Ex: (1) She smiled serenely. (2) He faced the challenge serenely. (3) The monk spoke serenely despite the criticism.

likelihood /ˈlaɪklihʊd/ (n)

khả năng xảy ra. Ex: (1) There is little likelihood of rain. (2) The likelihood of success is high. (3) Careful planning increases the likelihood of achieving goals.

willpower /ˈwɪlpaʊə(r)/ (n)

ý chí. Ex: (1) She has strong willpower. (2) Willpower helps people overcome challenges. (3) Achieving long-term goals often requires considerable willpower.

insensitive /ɪnˈsensətɪv/ (adj)

vô tâm, thiếu nhạy cảm. Ex: (1) His comment was insensitive. (2) She seemed insensitive to others' feelings. (3) Insensitive behavior can damage friendships.

tension /ˈtenʃn/ (n)

sự căng thẳng. Ex: (1) There was tension in the room. (2) The disagreement created tension. (3) Workplace tension can reduce productivity.

calmness /ˈkɑːmnəs/ (n)

sự bình tĩnh. Ex: (1) Her calmness impressed everyone. (2) Calmness helps in emergencies. (3) Maintaining calmness allows better decision-making.

unsupportive /ˌʌnsəˈpɔːtɪv/ (adj)

không ủng hộ. Ex: (1) His family was unsupportive. (2) She felt discouraged by unsupportive comments. (3) An unsupportive environment can affect confidence.

encouraging /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋ/ (adj)

khích lệ. Ex: (1) The results are encouraging. (2) She gave encouraging advice. (3) Encouraging feedback improves motivation.

momentary /ˈməʊməntri/ (adj)

thoáng qua, nhất thời. Ex: (1) There was a momentary silence. (2) He felt momentary fear. (3) A momentary setback should not discourage you.

transient /ˈtrænziənt/ (adj)

tạm thời, ngắn ngủi. Ex: (1) The pain was transient. (2) Success can sometimes be transient. (3) Transient emotions should not determine important decisions.

tendency /ˈtendənsi/ (n)

xu hướng. Ex: (1) He has a tendency to worry. (2) There is a tendency to avoid risks. (3) People often have a tendency to judge quickly.

inclination /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃn/ (n)

khuynh hướng, xu hướng. Ex: (1) She has an inclination toward art. (2) His inclination is to help others. (3) Many people have an inclination to seek comfort during stressful times.

thrive /θraɪv/ (v)

phát triển mạnh. Ex: (1) Children thrive in supportive environments. (2) She thrives under pressure. (3) People thrive when they feel valued and respected.

flourish /ˈflʌrɪʃ/ (v)

phát triển thịnh vượng. Ex: (1) The business flourished. (2) Friendships flourish through trust. (3) Individuals flourish when given opportunities to grow.

trait /treɪt/ (n)

đặc điểm tính cách. Ex: (1) Honesty is a positive trait. (2) Patience is an admirable trait. (3) Empathy is an important personality trait.

feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ (n)

đặc điểm, nét đặc trưng. Ex: (1) Kindness is a notable feature of her personality. (2) Confidence is a common feature of leaders. (3) Emotional stability is a valuable feature in stressful situations.

trust in something /trʌst ɪn ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

tin tưởng vào điều gì. Ex: (1) I have trust in the system. (2) She has trust in her abilities. (3) Trust in scientific evidence is important for informed decisions.

tendency to do something /ˈtendənsi tə duː ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

xu hướng làm gì. Ex: (1) He has a tendency to overthink. (2) Children have a tendency to imitate adults. (3) Some people have a tendency to avoid difficult conversations.

fame /feɪm/ (n)

danh tiếng, sự nổi tiếng. Ex: (1) The actor achieved fame. (2) Fame does not guarantee happiness. (3) Her fame grew after the publication of the book.

renown /rɪˈnaʊn/ (n)

danh tiếng lớn. Ex: (1) The scientist gained renown. (2) The city enjoys international renown. (3) Her renown was built on years of achievement.

irritation /ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃn/ (n)

sự bực bội. Ex: (1) He showed irritation. (2) The delay caused irritation. (3) Constant interruptions can lead to irritation.

impulse /ˈɪmpʌls/ (n)

sự thôi thúc bộc phát. Ex: (1) I bought it on impulse. (2) She resisted the impulse to complain. (3) Acting on impulse can sometimes lead to poor decisions.

tranquil /ˈtræŋkwɪl/ (adj)

yên bình. Ex: (1) The garden is tranquil. (2) She remained tranquil. (3) A tranquil environment helps reduce stress.

serene /səˈriːn/ (adj)

thanh thản. Ex: (1) She looked serene. (2) The lake appeared serene. (3) Despite the difficulties, he remained serene.

chaotic /keɪˈɒtɪk/ (adj)

hỗn loạn. Ex: (1) The room was chaotic. (2) Traffic became chaotic. (3) A chaotic environment can increase anxiety.

personality trait /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti treɪt/ (n)

đặc điểm tính cách. Ex: (1) Honesty is a personality trait. (2) Patience is a valuable personality trait. (3) Empathy is considered a desirable personality trait.

fortify /ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ/ (v)

củng cố, làm mạnh thêm. Ex: (1) Exercise can fortify the body. (2) Positive experiences fortify confidence. (3) Strong friendships fortify emotional well-being.

thoughtless /ˈθɔːtləs/ (adj)

vô tâm, thiếu suy nghĩ. Ex: (1) His remark was thoughtless. (2) Thoughtless actions may hurt others. (3) A thoughtless decision can have lasting consequences.

inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ (adj)

không thể tránh khỏi. Ex: (1) Change is inevitable. (2) Mistakes are inevitable when learning. (3) Some degree of uncertainty is inevitable in life.

richness /ˈrɪtʃnəs/ (n)

sự phong phú. Ex: (1) The book shows the richness of culture. (2) The richness of experience shaped her character. (3) Travel allows people to appreciate the richness of human diversity.

feel grateful for something /fiːl ˈɡreɪtfl fə(r) ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

cảm thấy biết ơn vì điều gì. Ex: (1) I feel grateful for your help. (2) She feels grateful for the opportunity. (3) Many people feel grateful for the support they receive during difficult times.

react with something /riˈækt wɪð ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr)

phản ứng bằng điều gì. Ex: (1) He reacted with surprise. (2) She reacted with patience. (3) Effective leaders often react with calmness during crises.

occasional /əˈkeɪʒənl/ (adj)

thỉnh thoảng, không thường xuyên. Ex: (1) We have occasional disagreements. (2) She experiences occasional stress. (3) Occasional setbacks should not discourage personal growth.

discontinuous /ˌdɪskənˈtɪnjuəs/ (adj)

không liên tục, gián đoạn. Ex: (1) The pattern was discontinuous. (2) His progress was discontinuous at first. (3) Discontinuous learning often leads to slower improvement.

intermittent /ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt/ (adj)

xảy ra không liên tục, ngắt quãng. Ex: (1) We experienced intermittent rain. (2) She suffered from intermittent headaches. (3) Intermittent motivation can make it difficult to achieve goals.

inquisitive /ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv/ (adj)

tò mò, ham tìm hiểu. Ex: (1) The child is inquisitive. (2) She asked inquisitive questions. (3) Inquisitive people often gain deeper insights into complex issues.

indifferent /ɪnˈdɪfrənt/ (adj)

thờ ơ, không quan tâm. Ex: (1) He seemed indifferent. (2) She was indifferent to criticism. (3) Being indifferent to others' feelings can damage relationships.

letdown /ˈletdaʊn/ (n)

sự thất vọng. Ex: (1) The result was a letdown. (2) Missing the event was a major letdown. (3) The team's poor performance was a letdown for its supporters.

push /pʊʃ/ (n)

sự thúc đẩy, động lực. Ex: (1) I needed a push to start. (2) Her teacher gave her a push in the right direction. (3) Sometimes a small push is enough to increase motivation.

drive /draɪv/ (n/v)

động lực; thúc đẩy. Ex: (1) He has strong drive. (2) Ambition drives her to succeed. (3) A desire for improvement can drive people to work harder.

engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/ (n)

sự tham gia; sự gắn kết. Ex: (1) Student engagement is important. (2) The activity increased engagement. (3) Active engagement often leads to better learning outcomes.

insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ (n)

sự thấu hiểu, hiểu biết sâu sắc. Ex: (1) She offered valuable insight. (2) The book provides insight into human behavior. (3) Experience gives people insight into difficult situations.

understanding /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ (n)

sự thấu hiểu. Ex: (1) We reached an understanding. (2) Her understanding of emotions is impressive. (3) Mutual understanding helps reduce conflicts.

nature /ˈneɪtʃə(r)/ (n)

bản chất, tính cách. Ex: (1) She has a kind nature. (2) His calm nature is admirable. (3) A person's nature is shaped by both experiences and environment.

outgoing /ˌaʊtˈɡəʊɪŋ/ (adj)

cởi mở, hòa đồng. Ex: (1) She is outgoing. (2) Outgoing people make friends easily. (3) An outgoing personality can be useful in social situations.

extroverted /ˈekstrəvɜːtɪd/ (adj)

hướng ngoại. Ex: (1) He is extroverted. (2) Extroverted individuals enjoy social events. (3) Extroverted employees often feel comfortable speaking in public.

introverted /ˈɪntrəvɜːtɪd/ (adj)

hướng nội. Ex: (1) She is introverted. (2) Introverted people often enjoy solitude. (3) Introverted students may prefer independent learning.

outlook /ˈaʊtlʊk/ (n)

quan điểm, cách nhìn nhận. Ex: (1) She has a positive outlook. (2) His outlook changed over time. (3) A positive outlook helps people cope with challenges.

blindly /ˈblaɪndli/ (adv)

một cách mù quáng. Ex: (1) Do not follow advice blindly. (2) He trusted the rumor blindly. (3) People should not blindly accept information without evidence.

continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/ (adv)

liên tục, không ngừng. Ex: (1) She continually improves herself. (2) The situation changed continually. (3) Successful people continually develop new skills.

praise /preɪz/ (n)

lời khen, sự khen ngợi. Ex: (1) She received praise. (2) The teacher gave him praise. (3) Genuine praise can boost a person's confidence.

dignity /ˈdɪɡnəti/ (n)

phẩm giá, sự tự trọng. Ex: (1) She acted with dignity. (2) Everyone deserves dignity. (3) People should be treated with dignity and respect.

moderately /ˈmɒdərətli/ (adv)

một cách vừa phải. Ex: (1) The task was moderately difficult. (2) She was moderately successful. (3) Exercising moderately contributes to good health.

attainable /əˈteɪnəbl/ (adj)

có thể đạt được. Ex: (1) The goal is attainable. (2) Success becomes attainable with effort. (3) Setting attainable objectives improves motivation.

inner /ˈɪnə(r)/ (adj)

bên trong; nội tâm. Ex: (1) She found inner peace. (2) Inner strength helped him continue. (3) Meditation can improve inner calmness.

internal /ɪnˈtɜːnl/ (adj)

bên trong, nội bộ. Ex: (1) The issue was internal. (2) Internal conflicts can be stressful. (3) Internal motivation is often stronger than external rewards.

outer /ˈaʊtə(r)/ (adj)

bên ngoài. Ex: (1) The outer wall was damaged. (2) Outer appearance can be misleading. (3) People often focus on outer success rather than inner happiness.

external /ɪkˈstɜːnl/ (adj)

bên ngoài, ngoại vi. Ex: (1) The problem was external. (2) External pressure influenced the decision. (3) External factors can affect emotional well-being.

normalize /ˈnɔːməlaɪz/ (v)

bình thường hóa. Ex: (1) We should normalize asking for help. (2) The campaign aims to normalize mental health discussions. (3) Schools can help normalize respectful communication.

perfectionism /pəˈfekʃənɪzəm/ (n)

chủ nghĩa hoàn hảo. Ex: (1) Perfectionism can cause stress. (2) Her perfectionism slowed progress. (3) Excessive perfectionism may reduce overall productivity.

resiliency /rɪˈzɪliənsi/ (n)

sự kiên cường, khả năng phục hồi. Ex: (1) Resiliency helps people recover. (2) Children can develop resiliency over time. (3) Emotional resiliency is important during difficult periods.

self-awareness /ˌself əˈweənəs/ (n)

sự tự nhận thức. Ex: (1) Self-awareness is valuable. (2) The course improved self-awareness. (3) Self-awareness helps people understand their strengths and weaknesses.

self-compassion /ˌself kəmˈpæʃn/ (n)

sự cảm thông với chính mình. Ex: (1) Self-compassion reduces stress. (2) She practiced self-compassion after failing. (3) Self-compassion encourages healthier responses to mistakes.

self-control /ˌself kənˈtrəʊl/ (n)

sự tự chủ. Ex: (1) He showed self-control. (2) Self-control helps resist temptation. (3) Strong self-control contributes to long-term success.

suppress /səˈpres/ (v)

kìm nén. Ex: (1) She suppressed her anger. (2) He tried to suppress his fears. (3) Constantly suppressing emotions can affect mental health.