Alliances and Specialized Doctrines

NATO vs Warsaw Pact

•   - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): Established in $1949$ as a mutual defense alliance between the U.S., Canada, and Western European nations. An attack on one was an attack on all.     - Warsaw Pact: Established in $1955$ by the Soviet Union and its satellite nations as a counter-alliance to NATO.

SEATO southwest treaty organization

•   - Created in $1954$ to prevent the spread of communism in Southeast Asia, modeled after NATO but generally considered less effective.

• Covert Operations:     - The use of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for secret activities to influence foreign politics, such as the overthrow of Mossadegh in Iran ($1953$) and Arbenz in Guatemala ($1954$).

Eisenhower doctrine

• Stated that the United States would use armed force upon request to help any country in the Middle East resist communist aggression.

Nixon doctrine

•   - Asserted that while the U.S. would provide economic and military aid, its allies would have to take primary responsibility for their own defense/manpower.

Regan doctrine

• - A strategy to "roll back" communism by providing overt and covert aid to anti-communist guerrillas and resistance movements around the globe (e.g., the Contras in Nicaragua and the Mujahideen in Afghanistan).