Children with Intellectual Disability

These flashcards cover key concepts relating to children with intellectual disabilities, including definitions, diagnosis criteria, statistics, syndromes, and language concerns.

Intellectual Disability (ID)

Replaces non-preferred terms like mental retardation and developmental disability; involves deficits in both intellectual and social domains.

Diagnosis Criteria for ID

Must originate before age 18 and have significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors.

Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound

Prior classifications of individuals with ID that were based on IQ.

Ecological System of ID

A framework involving five dimensions: Intellectual Disability, Adaptive Behavior, Participation in Social Roles, Health, and Context.

Adaptive Behavior

Includes cognitive communication, academic skills, social skills, and independent living skills necessary for everyday life.

Prevalence of ID

Approximately 1-3% of the population affected, translating to about 1.5 million people ages 6-64.

Genetic Risk Factors

Prenatal influences contributing to ID; over 750 identified genetic syndromes that result in ID.

Common Syndromes Associated with ID

Includes Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Klienefelter syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and Fragile X.

Language Delay in ID

Children with ID typically experience a delay in language development, not a disorder, until age 10.

Down Syndrome Language Characteristics

Strengths in vocabulary but impairments in morphosyntax including articles, prepositions, and conjunctions.

Fragile X Language Characteristics

Receptive skills develop at half the rate; expressive skills at one third; issues with morphology and phonology.

Williams Syndrome Language Characteristics

Early vocabulary delays, but by adolescence language may surpass mental age, alongside pragmatic weaknesses.