BIMM 120_Final: Entire Course Question_Saier Milton

True or False: All living organisms must obey the laws of thermodynamics.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. True

True or False: In the US the flu vaccine is created by looking at the strains that are in circulation in foreign countries and creating vaccines against those active strains.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. True

True or False: Bacteria/viruses have evolved to disfigure the host as much as possible to ensure maximal transmission.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. False

True or False: Most CPR bacteria are symbionts or episymbionts.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. True

True or False: Cyanobacteria are the only example of bacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. True

True or False: A central characteristic of transmembrane transport carriers is that they most commonly work by allowing substrates to diffuse passively down their gradients.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. False b/c can be passive or active

True or False: P1 is the wobble position in initiation codons but NOT in most amino acid codons.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. True

True or False: A mutation that still codes for the same amino acid is known as a synonymous mutation.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. True

True or False: A and T form 3 hydrogen bonds during base pairing.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. False

True or False: Bacteriorhodopsin pumps proteins into the cell using light as energy.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. False b/c it pump protons (H⁺) out of the cell, not proteins into the cell

True or False: Live/wet markets, livestock farming and bushmeat all foster conditions for viruses to jump from animal hosts to human hosts.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. True

True or False: A symporter moves its two substrates across a cell membrane in opposite directions.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. False

True or False: Prions cause normal proteins to misfold.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. True

True or False: The difference between a pump and a channel is that pumps actively transport substrates against a concentration gradient, while channels simply facilitate the flow of substrates down their concentration gradients.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. True

True or False: Antigenic drift is the mechanism by which influenza virus can mutate quickly, thus requiring new vaccines every year.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. False b/c influenza uses both

True or False: Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria can survive by using oxygen as its final electron acceptor.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. False

True or False: ParM is required for high-copy-number plasmid segregation during cell division.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. False

True or False: Transmembrane transport is extremely important in the production of ATP via an F-type ATP synthase, as it allows for the production of a proton or sodium ion gradient which then drives ATP synthesis.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. True

True or False: Pigs are considered “viral mixing bowls” because their cells express two kinds of receptors and can be targeted by bird and human viruses.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. True

True or False: Variolation is the deliberate exposure to a weakened or less virulent pathogen to induce immunity to that pathogen.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. False

Which of the following best explains the high mutation rate of HIV compared to many other viruses?

A. HIV RNA is extremely stable outside of the host

B. Retroviral conversion of the HIV RNA genome into DNA is highly error- prone

C. The lipid envelope makes the virus susceptible to external mutagens

D. The virus readily recombines with unrelated viruses in host cells

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. Retroviral conversion of the HIV RNA genome into DNA is highly error- prone

Which pathogen was responsible for the bubonic plague (Black Death)?

A. Yersinia pestis

B. Helicobacter pylori

C. Escherichia coli

D. Nanoarchaeum equitans

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. Yersinia pestis

What is the SARS-CoV-2 protein that binds to human ACE-2 receptors, leading to infection?

A. Spike (S) protein

B. N1 protein

C. Nucleocapsid (N) protein

D. H5 protein

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. Spike (S) protein

After oral exposure, prions replicate first in Peyer’s patches located in the:

A. Cardiac tissue

B. Bone marrow

C. Small intestine

D. Skeletal muscle

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: C. Small intestine

What phenotype is observed in E. coli when FtsZ is not at the ideal temperature?

A.. Inability to tolerate atmospheric oxygen concentrations

B. Filamentous growth without cell division

C. Growth on media containing fructose but not glucose

D. Spiral cell shapes similar to H. pylori

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. Filamentous growth without cell division

What mRNA binding to a tRNA is the strongest?

A. an A in the mRNA + a U in the tRNA

B. a G in the mRNA + a U in the tRNA

C. a C in the mRNA + a G in the tRNA

D. a G in the mRNA + an C in the tRNA

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: C. a C in the mRNA + a G in the tRNA

ATP synthase allows for which of the following to occur:

A. Conversion of ATP into ADP + Pi

B. Conversion of ADP + Pi into ATP

C. Conversion of GDP to GTP

D. None of the above

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. Conversion of ADP + Pi into ATP

In the "Cooperation vs. Competition" paper, what is proposed to be a primary driving force during early evolution of life on Earth?

A. Cooperation

B. Competition

C. Random chance

D. Genetic drift

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. Cooperation

Which of the following statements about Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria is correct?

A. They can survive independently

B. They lack complete ribosomes and are unable to make proteins

C. They lack genes for biosynthetic pathways and thus rely on host metabolism

D. Their genomes are large allowing them to encode essential genes required for symbiosis

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: C. They lack genes for biosynthetic pathways and thus rely on host metabolism

What is one of the reasons why the discovery of Asgard Archaea is so significant?

A. It demonstrated that bacteria directly evolved into eukaryotes

B. It suggested that eukaryotes evolved from within the archaeal domain

C. It showed that archaea lack genes related to eukaryotic cell structure

D. It proved that eukaryotes originated independently of prokaryotes

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. It suggested that eukaryotes evolved from within the archaeal domain

Which one of the following proteins is most closely involved in causing curvature in rod-shaped bacteria?

A. FtsZ

B. MreB

C. Crescentin / CreS

D. MamK

(Midterm #1 Actual)

(Duplicate)

Answer: C. Crescentin / CreS

Which of the following best describes the concept of viral antigenic shift?

A. The gradual accumulation of point mutations in viral genes that causes small antigenic changes over time

B. A major change in viral surface antigens is caused by reassortment of genome segments, (e.g., between animal and human viruses)

C. Minor alterations in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase that occur during each replication cycle

D. None of the above

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. A major change in viral surface antigens is caused by reassortment of genome segments, (e.g., between animal and human viruses)

Which of the following is NOT a purine?

A. Adenine

B. Caffeine

C. Cytosine

D. Guanine

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: C. Cytosine

Why is endosymbiosis important in the evolution of complex eukaryotic organisms?

A. Two organisms can combine their metabolic processes in one organism with greater evolutionary potential and complexity than each source organism could have done by itself

B. Endosymbiosis allowed for increases in mutations which lead to the evolution of complex organisms

C. It allowed for organisms to be less interconnected and allowed for the increase in competitive relationships that we see today

D. None of the above

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. Two organisms can combine their metabolic processes in one organism with greater evolutionary potential and complexity than each source organism could have done by itself

What is true about purines?

A. If a purine is in mRNA, it makes the H-binding stronger to the tRNA

B. They are composed of two aromatic rings

C. If a purine is in tRNA, it makes the H-binding weaker to the mRNA

D. Cysteine and Uracil are types of purines

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. They are composed of two aromatic rings

A mutation makes the internal (cytoplasmic) half-channel of bacteriorhodopsin more hydrophilic. Based on this, which outcome is most likely?

A. Proton pumping becomes less efficient because the kinetic bias favoring outward proton movement is reduced

B. Proton pumping becomes more efficient because the kinetic bias favoring outward proton movement is increased

C. Retinal will no longer be able to isomerize from all-trans to 13-cis upon light absorption

D. Several components of the electron transport chain begin working more efficiently

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. Proton pumping becomes less efficient because the kinetic bias favoring outward proton movement is reduced

Bats are considered important reservoirs for many viruses. Which explanation best accounts for this?

A. Bats eliminate viruses rapidly, preventing disease while allowing brief transmission

B. Bats maintain tolerant, long-term relationships with viruses because mounting strong immune responses would be more energetically costly

C. Viruses replicate and mutate more rapidly in bats because of their higher metabolic rates

D. Bats are more frequently exposed to viruses because they migrate long distances

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: B. Bats maintain tolerant, long-term relationships with viruses because mounting strong immune responses would be more energetically costly

What type of infectious agents are responsible for BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy)?

A. Prions

B. Virus

C. Bacteria

D. Parasites

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. Prions

Which of the following best describes bacteriorhodopsin's role in energy production in Archaea?

A. Bacteriorhodopsin produces a concentration gradient of H+ which is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP

B. Bacteriorhodopsin is the penultimate electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

C. Bacteriorhodopsin is a structural protein found in mitochondria in archaeal cells

D. Bacteriorhodopsin hydrolyzes organic compounds found in the cell's surroundings

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: A. Bacteriorhodopsin produces a concentration gradient of H+ which is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP

Which of the following proteins allows certain bacteria to orient themselves according to Earth’s magnetic field?

A. FtsZ

B. MreB

C. Crescentin / CreS

D. MamK

(Midterm #1 Actual)

Answer: D. MamK

True or False: There are plant viruses that have caused a human epidemic before.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: False

True or False: Prions cause normal proteins to misfold.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Practice) (Duplicate)

Answer: True

True or False: Marburg virus and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) are both examples of coronaviruses with relatively geographically localized outbreaks.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: False

True or False: The Third Law of Biology states that all living organisms and components capable of replication are subject to natural selection.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: True

True or False: Carriers more commonly have an even number of TMS’s (transmembrane segments) than channels.

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: True

True or False: Live/ wet market, livestock farming and bushmeat are all ways that foster conditions for viruses to jump from animal hosts to human hosts.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: True

True or False: Genes that are expressed at a lower level can have a higher abundance of rare codons.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: True

True or False: Horizontal Gene Transfer was less important in early life on Earth thus there was no need to have a conserved genetic code among organisms.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: False b/c it was actually more important in early life

True or False: ATP Synthase is found in many differing organisms but it is the most complex in eukaryotic organisms.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: True

True or False: The difference between a channel and a pump is that pumps actively transport substrates against a concentration gradient, while channels simply facilitate the flow of substrates into compartments with lower concentrations of that substrate.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Practice) (duplicate)?

Answer: True

True or False: Antigenic drift is the mechanism by which influenza virus can mutate quickly, requiring new vaccines every year.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Practice) (Duplicate?)

Answer: False b/c influenza uses both antigenic drift and shift

True or False: Transmembrane transport is extremely important in the production of ATP as it allows for the production of a proton gradient which is utilized by ATP Synthase.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: True

True or False: Due to its retrovirus mechanism, the mutation rate for HIV is slow.

A. True

B. False

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: False

What is true about codon usage and gene expression levels?

A. Highly expressed genes use more rare codons at higher frequencies for translation

B. Lowly expressed genes use more common codons at higher frequencies for translation

C. Highly expressed genes use more common codons at a higher frequencies for translation

D. None of the above

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: C

What was believed to be the intermediate host of MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)?

A. Fish

B. Camels

C. Bats

D. Racoon dogs

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: B

What is the protein that allows for COVID to bind to human ACE-2 receptors, leading to infection?

A. The SPIKE protein

B. H1N1 proteins

C. SIV

D. H5N1 protein

(Midterm #1 Practice) (duplicate)

Answer: A

What is true about poliomyelitis (polio)?

A. It does not cause paralysis

B. The Salk vaccine, an attenuated virus vaccine, stopped polio infections

C. The Saban and Salk vaccines were both crucial in eradicating polio in the US

D. The Saban vaccine was the first heat killed vaccine

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: C

What mRNA and tRNA binding is the strongest?

A. an A in the mRNA + a T in the tRNA

B. an A in the mRNA + a G in the tRNA

C. a C in the mRNA + a G in the tRNA

D. a U in the mRNA + an A in the tRNA

(Midterm #1 Practice) (duplicate)

Answer: C

What is the negative selection principle?

A. What is most important changes the most

B. What is least important changes the most

C. What is beneficial changes the most

D. What is harmful changes the most

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: B

Which of the following statements about Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria is correct?

A. They can survive independently

B. They lack complete ribosomes and are unable to make proteins

C. They lack genes for biosynthetic pathways and thus rely on host metabolism

D. Their genomes are large allowing them to encode essential genes required for symbiosis

(Midterm #1 Practice) (duplicate?)

Answer: C

Why is the discovery of Asgard Archeae so significant?

A. It was the original archaeal strain

B. They were the first known living inhabitants on Earth

C. It contains proteins that are highly similar to those previously found only in eukaryotes, allowing the proposal that these two domains of life are closely related

D. It was the reason why bacteria have complex genomes

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: C

Which of the following best explains how early life may have evolved with increasing complexity?

A. Early life-forms have developed full genomes and were capable of living independently

B. Symbiotic relationships provided potential pathways for the creation of more complex organisms

C. Random mutations alone were sufficient for the development of complex traits.

D. Option B and C

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: D

Since evolution tends towards_________, suggested symbiotic relationships provide a potential pathway for creation of more sophisticated organisms.

A. Complexity

B. Simplicity

C. Redundancy

D. Patterns of use and disuse

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: A

Why is endosymbiosis important in the evolution of complex organisms?

A. The idea of that organisms can combine their metabolic processes into one organism led to greater evolutionary potential than each organism by themselves

B. Endosymbiosis allowed for increases in mutations which lead to the evolution of complex organisms

C. It allowed for organisms to be less interconnected and allowed for the increase in competitive relationships that we see today

D. None of the above

(Midterm #1 Practice) (duplicate?)

Answer: A

Bats have evolved to live alongside many viruses. What adaptations have they adapted?

A. Low antioxidant concentration

B. Good DNA replication mechanisms

C. Low body temperature

D. High inflammation

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: B

What phenotype is observed in E. coli when FtsZ is not at an ideal temperature?

A. Inability to tolerate atmospheric oxygen concentrations

B. Filamentous growth without cell division

C. Growth on media containing fructose but not glucose

D. Spiral cell shapes similar to spirochaetes, more like H. pylori

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: B

What type of pathogen is responsible for Mad Cow Disease?

A. Prions

B. COVID-19

C. H1N1

D. Measles

(Midterm #1 Practice) (Duplicate)

Answer: A

What does bacteriorhodopsin use to induce a conformational change allowing for the movement of protons across the membrane?

A. It uses ATP to move protons across the membrane

B. It uses light to move protons across the membrane

C. It uses NAD to move protons across the membrane

D. It uses pH differences between the inside and outside to move protons across the membranes

(Midterm #1 Practice)

Answer: B

True or False: Due to much of early life lacking full genomes required for DNA synthesis or metabolic pathways, many of the bacterial and archaean species lived in competitive symbiotic relationships with one another leading to the evolution of eukaryotic organisms?

(Week 1 Quiz)

Answer: False b/c lived in cooperative symbiosis, not competitive.

True/ False: Cooperation played a larger role in the evolution of early microbial life than competition did.

(Week 1 Quiz)

Answer: True

True or False: A tRNA-purine bound to an mRNA-pyrimidine is stronger than a tRNA-pyrimidine bound to an mRNA-purine.

(Week 1 Quiz)

Answer: True

Which of the following shares a close evolutionary relationship with eukaryotes, supported by the observed fusion of bacterial and archaeal cells?

DPANN Archaea

CPR

Asgard Archaea

Non-CPR

(Week 1 Quiz)

Answer: Asgard Archaea

Which of the following best explains why CPR bacteria are often obligate symbionts?

They possess a thick cell membrane that prevents any nutrient uptake

They lack genes for biosynthetic pathways and thus rely on host metabolism

They lack the genes for quorum sensing and thus are unable to interact with microbes of differing phyla

Their genomes are large allowing them to encode essential genes required for symbiosis

(Week 1 Quiz) (duplicate)?

Answer: They lack genes for biosynthetic pathways and thus rely on host metabolism

What is the evolutionary significance of the relationship between N. equitans and its host Ignococus?

They show that all episymbionts evolve from parasites

They were the first episymbiotic pair discovered by researchers

They provide a model for how early cooperation may have led to endosymbiosis and complex cells.

None of the above

(Week 1 Quiz)

Answer: They provide a model for how early cooperation may have led to endosymbiosis and complex cells.

Which position in the codon most commonly protects against harmful mutations by tolerating them without changing the amino acid encoded (not during initiation)

P1

P2

P3

P4

(Week 1 Quiz)

Answer: P3

The strongest initiation codon is:

AUG

GUG

UUG

CUG

(Week 1 Quiz)

Answer: AUG

Purines have _____ aromatic rings

1

2

3

4

(Week 1 Quiz)

Answer: 2

The “Cooperation and Competition” paper highlights the importance of the Asgard phyla in furthering our understanding of the tree of life. Why is the discovery of this portion of the tree so significant?

-The Asgard phylum had central metabolic pathways that helped to bridge the eukaryotic and prokaryotic world, allowing for the first evidence that highlighted that eukaryotes most likely evolved from Asgard archaea

-The ability for Asgard archaea to live in harsh and diverse environments led to the development of full metabolic systems to survive, leading to the first eukaryotic organism.

-The Asgard archaea were the first to emerge in the tree of life, and due to their incomplete genomes, it forced early archaea into symbiotic relationships, allowing researchers to better understand the origins of LUCA: the last universal common ancestor

-Both A and C are correct

(Week 1 Quiz)

Answer: -The Asgard phylum had central metabolic pathways that helped to bridge the eukaryotic and prokaryotic world, allowing for the first evidence that highlighted that eukaryotes most likely evolved from Asgard archaea

True or False? There are plant viruses that have caused a human epidemic

(Week 2 Quiz) (duplicate)

Answer: False

True or False? The Ebola and Marburg viruses are both hemorrhagic fever viruses

(Week 2 Quiz)

Answer: True

True or False? Prions cause disease by inducing normal proteins to misfold

(Week 2 Quiz) (duplicate)

Answer: True

True or False? Both H and N in influenza can mutate and reassort to form new viral strains.

(Week 2 Quiz)

Answer: True

What is the protein that allows for COVID to bind to human ACE-2 receptors, leading to infection?

Spike (S) protein

N1 protein

Nucleocapsid (N) protein

H5 protein

(Week 2 Quiz)

Spike (S) protein

Which of the following is true about influenza?

Influenza is a bacterial infection leading to respiratory illness

Influenza is slow at mutating, making it easy for us to create vaccines every year

Influenza has only 2 strains: strain A and strain B

Influenza constantly mutates, requiring significantly different vaccines every year

(Week 2 Quiz)

Answer: Influenza constantly mutates, requiring significantly different vaccines every year

Which of the following are infections with zoonotic origins?

COVID-19

HIV

Cowpox

All of the above

(Week 2 Quiz)

Answer: All of the above

The MMR vaccine is effective, but mini epidemics will occur unless herd immunity is achieved by having a vaccination rate of…?

66%

80%

95%

100%

(Week 2 Quiz)

Answer: 95%

What is true about poliomyelitis (polio)?

It does not cause paralysis

The Salk vaccine, which is an attenuated virus vaccine, stopped polio infections

The Saban and Salk vaccines were both crucial in eradicating polio in the US

The Saban vaccine was the first heat killed vaccine

(Week 2 Quiz) (duplicate?)

Answer: The Saban and Salk vaccines were both crucial in eradicating polio in the US

What is the complete order of infection of MERS to humans?

Bat -> Pangolin -> Human

Bat -> Camel -> Human

Camel -> Human

Bat -> Human

(Week 2 Quiz)

Answer: Bat -> Camel -> Human

Fruit bats are the natural reservoir for the Ebola virus, yet large Ebola outbreaks are primarily sustained by human-to-human transmission rather than repeated spillover from bats. Which of the following best explains this pattern?

Fruit bats rapidly clear the virus after infection, limiting their ability to transmit Ebola to humans.

Ebola virus causes mild disease in bats but severe disease in humans, and this difference alone explains why humans sustain large outbreaks.

Human behaviors such as caregiving, burial practices, and contact with bodily fluids facilitate efficient person-to-person transmission after an initial zoonotic spillover event.

Ebola virus mutates after infecting humans, eliminating the need for an animal reservoir to sustain

(Week 2 Quiz)

Answer: Human behaviors such as caregiving, burial practices, and contact with bodily fluids facilitate efficient person-to-person transmission after an initial zoonotic spillover event.

True or False: MreB is required for the cocci shape to form in bacteria?

(Week 3 Quiz):

Answer: False

True or False: FtsZ is an actin that is found in bacteria allowing for the cocci shape?

(Week 3 Quiz):

Answer: False b/c tublin like

True or False: ATP synthase uses a proton gradient that moves protons from the extracellular compartment to the intracellular space.

(Week 3 Quiz):

Answer: True

True or False: High-copy number plasmids do NOT require ParM. Random distribution is sufficient for each daughter cell to receive at least one plasmid.

(Week 3 Quiz):

Answer: True

Why is the protein ParM used?

For the separation of high copy number of plasmids

For the separation of low copy number of chromosomes

For the separation of high copy number of plasmids

For the separation of low copy number of plasmids

(Week 3 Quiz):

Answer: For the separation of low copy number of plasmids

Crescentin or CreS is…

the prokaryotic equivalent to eukaryotic tubulin

found on the larger side of the cell allowing for the curve found in spiral bacteria

allows for the spiral shape found in bacteria like E. coli

allows for the spiral shape found in bacteria like Helicobacter pylori

(Week 3 Quiz):

Answer: allows for the spiral shape found in bacteria like Helicobacter pylori

Which of the following most accurately describes the temperature sensitivity of FtsZ subunits?

At high temperatures they move faster allowing for cell division to occur faster

At low temperatures they do not work allowing for cell division to not occur

At ideal temperatures they work the best allowing for cell division to occur optimally

None of these are true

(Week 3 Quiz):

Answer: At ideal temperatures they work the best allowing for cell division to occur optimally

What is true about the protein MamK?

They allow for movement based upon chemical concentrations

They allow for movement based upon the magnetic field of Earth

They are found in all bacteria

They are equivalent to eukaryotic intermediate filaments

(Week 3 Quiz):

Answer: They allow for movement based upon the magnetic field of Earth

Which protein is paired correctly to the corresponding bacterial shape?

FtsZ - rod shape

MreB - spiral shape

CreS - cocci shape

MreB - rod shape

(Week 3 Quiz):

Answer: MreB - rod shape

Which of the following is required for FtsZ subunits to join together?

ATP

GTP

ADP

GDP

(Week 3 Quiz):

Answer: GTP

Protons are pumped to the outer membrane in bacteriorhodopsin. Put the steps of this process in the correct order.

I. The proton on the Schiff Base migrates to the external membrane

II. The retinal is in a trans configuration

III. The retinal is photoisomerized to the 13-cis configuration

IV. Cytoplasmic H+ restores the trans configuration

a. II, I, III, IV

b. I, III, IV, II

c. I, II, III, IV

D. II, III, I, IV

(Week 3 Quiz):

Answer: D. II, III, I, IV