aliphatic organic synthesis routes

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Last updated 9:59 AM on 5/1/26
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29 Terms

1
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alkene to alkane

H2, Ni

2
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alkene to haloalkane

HX

3
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alkene to alcohol

H2O(g), H3PO4

4
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alcohol to alkene

H3PO4 or H2SO4

5
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alkane to haloalkane

X2, UV light

6
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haloalkane to alcohol

NaOH(aq)

7
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alcohol to haloalkane

NaX/ H2SO4

8
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1* alcohol to carboxylic acid

K2Cr2O7/ H+ reflux

9
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1* alcohol to aldehyde

K2Cr2O7/ H+ distillation

10
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aldehyde to 1* alcohol

NaBH4

11
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aldehyde to carboxylic acid

K2Cr2O7/ H+ reflux

12
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2* alcohol to ketone

K2Cr2O7/ H+ reflux

13
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ketone to 2* alcohol

NaBH4

14
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haloalkane to nitrile

CN-, ethanol

15
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haloalkane to amine

NH3/ ethanol

16
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nitrile to amine

H2/ Ni

17
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ketone to hydroxynitrile

NaCN(aq)/ H+(aq)

18
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hydroxynitrile to amine

H2/ Ni

19
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aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

NaCN(aq)/ H+(aq)

20
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nitrile and hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid

H2O/ HCl, heat

21
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carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

SOCl2

22
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acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

H2O

23
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alcohol to ester

carboxylic acid/ H2SO4

24
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ester to carboxylate

NaOH(aq) heat

25
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ester to carboxylic acid

dilute acid, heat

26
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carboxylic acid to ester

alcohol/ conc. H2SO4

27
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acyl chloride to ester

alcohol

28
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acyl chloride to 1* amide

NH3

29
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acyl chloride to 2* amide

primary amine