Lesson 3

Quantitative Research

Objective, systematic empirical investigation using computational techniques focusing on numerical analysis of data for unbiased results.

Objective Measurement

Seeks accurate measurement and analysis in research.

Clearly Defined Research Questions

Well-defined questions with objective answers sought in quantitative research.

Structured Research Instruments

Standardized tools like questionnaires used for data collection.

Numerical Data

Summarized data presented in figures, tables, or graphs.

Large Sample Sizes

Preferred in quantitative research for reliable data analysis.

Replication

The ability to repeat methods for verification in different settings.

Strengths of Quantitative Research

Objective, reliable, facilitates sophisticated analyses, and is useful for testing results.

Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

Requires large sample sizes, can be costly, ignores contextual factors, and may lead to incomplete data.

Experimental Designs

Include quasi-experimental and true experimental designs aimed at ensuring internal validity.

Quasi-Experimental Design

Involves non-equivalent control groups and interrupted time series design.

True-Experimental Design

Controls for time and group-related threats, employing treated and control groups.

Non-Experimental Design

Observes phenomena naturally without external variables.

Descriptive Research Design

Observes, describes, and documents situations as they occur.

Survey

Gathers information from samples chosen from a population.

Correlational Research

Aims to find associations between variables or groups.

Bivariate Correlational Studies

Obtains scores from two variables for each subject.

Prediction Studies

Uses correlation coefficient to show how one variable predicts another.

Multiple Regression

All variables in the study contribute to the overall prediction in an equation.

Ex-Post Facto Research

Derives conclusions from past observations and compares with dependent variables.

Comparative Research

Compares two or more study samples on various variables.

Normative Research

Describes the norm level of characteristics for a given behavior.

Evaluative Research

Determines the success of programs or institutions based on set goals.

Methodological Research

Integrates various methodologies to develop a scale-matched approach.

Characteristics of Quantitative Research

Objectivity, large sample sizes, structured research questions, numerical data, and replication.