enzymes and their functions

carbohydrates function

• way to get a fast source of energy (temporary)

• forms cell walls in plants

• structural molecule for plants

what do carbohydrates look like?

what are some non-food examples of carbohydrates?

• chitlin

• cellulose

• starch

• fructose

• sucrose

• lactose

what are the key elements/makeup of carbohydrates?

CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) with a 1:2:1 ratio

what is the carbohydrate monomer?

monosaccharide

nucleic acid function

• passes down hereditary info + traits (DNA)

• gives instructions to proteins

what do nucleic acids look like?

what are some non-food examples of nucleic acids?

• DNA

• RNA

what are the key elements/makeup of nucleic acids?

CHONP (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous) w/ no set ratio

what is the nucleic acid monomer?

nucleotides

proteins function

• controls chemical RXNs

• regulates cell functions

• transportation of substances

• communication between other cells

• makes up tissue, bones, and muscles

what do proteins look like?

what are some non-food examples of proteins?

• enzymes

• hormones

• myosin

• antibodies

• hemoglobin

• amylase

what are the key elements/makeup of proteins?

CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen) w/ no set ratio

what is the protein monomer?

amino acid

lipids function

• major component of cell membranes/makes up cell membranes

• energy storage

• long term energy source

• insulator

what do lipids look like?

what are some non-food examples of lipids?

• triglycerides

• steroids

• phosphalipids

• cholesterol

• estrogen

what are the key elements/makeup of lipids?

CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) with 1:2 ratio (varies based on elements)

what is the lipid monomer?

fatty acids + glycerol

what do enzymes do in general?

speed up chemical RXNs by lowering the activation energy needed to start the RXN

how are enzymes important to the metabolism?

since the metabolism is the sum total of chemical RXNs within the body, the enzymes allow for the chemical RXNs to occur

in what environment do enzymes function the best?

• certain pH lvl + temperatures (varies based on the enzyme)