The Enlightenment and its Influences

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, figures, and terms from the Enlightenment period, focusing on its impact on society, philosophy, and political thought.

Industrial Revolution

A gradual series of changes in agriculture, trade, and industry beginning in the 1750s, leading to urbanization.

Laissez-faire

An economic philosophy advocating minimal government intervention in the economy, as promoted by Dr. Francois Quesnay.

Philosophes

French thinkers of the Enlightenment who emphasized freedom of thought, rationalism, and the welfare of society.

Deism

A philosophical trend asserting that God does not intervene in human affairs.

Enlightened Despotism

A form of absolute monarchy in which rulers are influenced by Enlightenment ideals and govern with reason.

The Social Contract

A concept developed by Jean-Jacques Rousseau stating that humanity is born free but finds itself in chains due to societal agreements.

The Wealth of Nations

A seminal work by Adam Smith advocating for free trade and regulatory competition in the market.

Baroque Art

An art style characterized by dynamic, grandiose, and emotional elements, serving as a reaction to Renaissance ideals.

Rococo

An artistic style that is more attuned to smaller spaces and lighter decorations than the opulence of Baroque art.

Critique of Pure Reason

A foundational text by Immanuel Kant focused on ethics, logic, and metaphysics, exploring the limits of reason.

Common Good

A concept introduced by Rousseau highlighting the importance of collective well-being over individual interests.

Voltaire

A prominent Enlightenment thinker known for defending tolerance and critiquing religious piety.

Edmund Burke

A conservative philosopher concerned with the rapid changes during the French Revolution and the maintenance of tradition.

Marquis de Condorcet

An advocate of the French Revolution who criticized the ancient regime and ended up imprisoned during the Reign of Terror.

Encyclopedia

A comprehensive work published in France in 1751, summarizing Enlightenment knowledge and ideals.