Chemical Bonding: Ionic Bond Model

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering chemical bonds, ionic compound properties, valence electrons, naming conventions, and polyatomic ions based on the CHEM 115 lecture.

Chemical bond

The attractive force that holds two atoms together in a more complex unit.

Ionic bond

A chemical bond formed through the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another atom or group of atoms.

Covalent bond

A chemical bond formed through the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.

Ionic compounds

Classes of compounds characterized by high melting points, the ability to conduct electricity in liquid or solution states, and the existence as ions.

Molecular compounds

Classes of compounds with lower melting points that do not conduct electricity in the molten state and exist as molecules.

Ion

An atom (or group of atoms) that is electrically charged as a result of the loss or gain of electrons.

Valence electron

An electron in the outermost electron shell of a representative element.

Octet rule

The principle that atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons until they have obtained the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas (usually eight valence electrons).

Lewis symbol

The chemical symbol of an element surrounded by the number of dots equal to the number of valence electrons present in atoms of the element; also called an electron-dot structure.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, resulting in more electrons than protons.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons, resulting in more protons than electrons.

Isoelectronic

Refers to atoms or ions that have the same electron configuration.

Formula unit

The simplest combining ratio of the ions in an ionic compound.

Binary ionic compound

An ionic compound in which one element present is a metal (forming a cation) and the other element present is a nonmetal (forming an anion).

Stock system

A nomenclature system for ions of variable charge that includes the Roman numeral equal to the charge of the ion in parentheses in the name.

Classic system

A nomenclature system for ions of variable charge that uses the ending "-ous" for the ion with lower charge and "-ic" for the ion with higher charge.

Monatomic ion

An ion formed from a single atom through the loss or gain of electrons.

Polyatomic ion

An ion formed from a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds that functions as a single unit with a positive or negative charge.

$$NO_3^-$$

The chemical formula for the nitrate polyatomic ion.

$$NH_4^+$$

The chemical formula for the ammonium polyatomic ion.

$$SO_4^{2-}$$

The chemical formula for the sulfate polyatomic ion.

$$OH^-$$

The chemical formula for the hydroxide polyatomic ion.

Swap-n-drop method

A technique to determine the chemical formula of an ionic compound where the magnitude of the charge of the cation becomes the subscript for the anion, and vice-versa.