CHEST ANATOMY`

Thoracic cavity boundaries?

Sup- thoracic inlet

Inf- diaphragm

Post- thoracic vertebrae

Ant- sternum

Lat- 12 pairs of ribs and intercostal muscles

what is the bony thorax made up of ? (4)

S- sternum

C- costal cartilage

R- ribs

T- thoracic vertebrae

what is the thoracic cavity made up of ?

• heart

• mediastinum

• lungs

• pleura

what is the sternum made up of

• manubirum

• body

• xiphoid process

3 functions of the sternum

• protection of thoracic organs

• provides muscle attachments

• connects with the clavicles to support the shoulder girdle

how many ribs and what are they ?

• 12 ribs

• 17- true ribs

• 8-10 false ribs

• 11-12 floating ribs

what is costal cartilage made up of and what is its function ?

hyaline cartilage

• helps protect the thorax

• Attaches the ribs with the sternum

• gives elasticity

• gives support to the rib cage

Function of the bony thorax

Protects the heart and major blood vessels

Breathing movement (help the lungs expand during inspiration)

Structural support

Muscle attachment for respiratory muscles and shoulder girdle

how many lobes in the right and left lung

right- 3 left-2

what are the lungs responsible for

gas exchange, they transport oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide

what is pluera

a serous membrane around each lung

what are the two types of pluera membrane and where are they found

visceral- covers the lung surface

parietal- lines the thoracic wall

what does the mediastinum contain and where is it found

• heart

• trachea

• oesophagus

• major blood vessels and veins

found between the lungs

what does the diaphragm do during respiration?

inhalation- the diaphragm contracts and flattens downwards to increase thoracic volume

expiration- the diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards

1. what is pneumonia

2. symptoms

3. causes

4. radiographic appearances

1. infection of the lungs primarily affecting the alveoli

2. SOB, chest pain, persistent cough

3. bacterial, viral or fungal infection

4. opacification, consolidation, air bronchograms

what is found between visceral pleura and parietal pleura and its function

plueral cavity which contains pleural fluid this reduces friction when the lungs move during respiration