Poli 100 final

what did the Alabama literacy test include

68 mostly open-ended responses

what was the Alabama literacy test used to do?

disenfranchise african-americans

what did the grandfather clause do

something used to exempt white people from taking the Alabama literacy test

what was the grandfather clause with the Alabama literacy test?

if your grandfather had voted before the civil war, you didn’t need to take the literacy test

when did the courts rule grandfather clauses unconstitutional

1915

what made the grandfather clause ruling inefficient?

role of court and role of federalism (states just rewrote constitutions and courts could not enforce their rulings)

what do civil rights do?

allow individuals to participate in government, grant freedom from oppression based on status and are things the government must do

who do civil liberties protect citizens from?

the government

civil liberties

freedom from government interference in invidual liberty

what Supreme Court case had a major ruling for civil liberties?

snyder v phelps (2011)

what did Snyder v phelps do?

ruled that the Westboro Baptist Church was protected under the first amendment

what were the main points of dred Scott v sanford (1857)?

African Americans are not citizens (free or not), overturned Missouri compromise

what founding document was silent on slavery?

constitution

what did the Missouri compromise of 1820 state regarding African Americans?

the 36/30 parallel was split on slavery - below the parallel states would not be allowed to be admitted to the union without slavery above the parallel would not be able to have it

what did the fugitive slave law of 1850 state?

the whole nation has an obligation to return enslaved people who have escaped to their previous enslavers, even in states where slavery is not allowed

why was the fugitive slave law of 1850 controversial in the north?

because it nationalized the institution of slavery even though it was not practiced in the north

what case was considered the worst Supreme Court decision of all time?

dred scott v sanford

what was Lincoln’s position on slavery and congress’s position on slavery during the election of 1860?

president and congress against slavery

what documents were the origin of rights and liberties?

the bill of rights, 13th, 14th, and 15th civil war amendments, new voting groups from the 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th amendments

what document helps the judicial interpretation of the origins of rights and liberties?

9th amendment and the right to privacy

what did the 13th amendment do

formal emancipation of enslaved people

what did the 14th amendment do?

citizenship of African Americans in the US

what did the 15th amendment do?

African Americans have the right to vote

what were considered the civil war amendments?

13th, 14th, 15th

what continued to be a struggle for African Americans after the civil war amendments were passed?

access to the ballot box

why were African Americans struggling to get access to the ballot box post civil war?

the failure of reconstruction and the 1876 election

why was the 1876 election called a corrupt bargain?

a backroom deal where northern republicans agreed to withdraw troops from the south in exchange for southern democrats allowing Hayes to take the presidential office

what were Jim Crow laws used to do?

disenfranchise and segregate African Americans

when was the Jim Crow era?

1877-1933

what did the Jim Crow electoral laws do?

tried to limit voting

what electoral Jim Crow laws limited voting?

white primary, poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clauses

what was a major case in the Jim Crow era that protected the laws?

plessy v Ferguson 1896

what was the plessy v Ferguson ruling?

the court upheld segregation

what did FDR’s new deal do (accomplishments)?

evenhanded treatment of black community, government assistance, black administrators of the deal

who were the 1948 Dixiecrats?

southern democrats who perpetuated Jim Crow system, staunchly opposed to anything dealing with civil rights and segregation

what were the characteristics of the Roosevelt democrats?

believers in active fed government, liberal interventionist ideology, economic relief and reform and regulation to create an equitable society

what was in Truman’s 1948 civil rights bill?

used to try to strengthen federal protections against racial discrimination, introducing an anti-lynching legislation, permanent fair employment practice commission, abolition of poll tax, voting rights protections, desecration efforts

what three things were the beginning of realignment during the Democratic Party sponsorship of civil rights 1933-1940s?

roosevelt democrats, Truman civil rights bill, and Dixiecrats