Human Development in IB Psychology

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to human development as studied in IB Psychology.

What is Human Development in IB Psychology?

A lens through which psychological content and research methods are applied to understand changes across the lifespan.

What are the key elements of Biological Development?

Students study genes, brain development, hormones, and critical periods to understand their impact on development.

What does Cognitive Development encompass?

It involves changes in thinking, reasoning, memory, and learning over time, including Piaget's stages and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory.

What is the definition of Attachment Theory?

It explains how early relationships form emotional bonds that shape emotional, social, and cognitive development.

What are the two approaches to studying Nature vs Nurture?

Twin studies examine genetic similarities, while adoption studies compare similarities with biological and adoptive families.

What is the critical period in language acquisition?

A specific time during which a person must experience language stimuli to develop language skills effectively.

What are the four attachment styles identified by Ainsworth?

Secure, Insecure-Avoidant, Insecure-Resistant/Ambivalent, and Disorganized.

What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational stages.

What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

The difference between what a child can do independently and what they can do with guidance.

What is the significance of the continuity vs discontinuity debate in human development?

It discusses whether development is a gradual process or occurs in distinct stages.

What does neuroplasticity refer to?

The brain's ability to adapt and change through learning and experience.

What indicates a secure attachment in children?

Children explore happily, show distress when separated, and are easily soothed upon reunion.

How does parenting style affect child development?

Different styles (authoritarian, permissive, authoritative, neglectful) impact children's behavior and emotional well-being.

What are adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)?

Experiences that include abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction that risk long-term negative outcomes.

What role does culture play in sociocultural development?

Culture influences developmental trajectories, cognitive tools, and social practices.

What is the purpose of attachment according to Bowlby's theory?

Attachment behaviors evolved for survival to maintain closeness with caregivers.