Pneumonia Antibiotic Treatment and Classifications

Flashcards covering antibiotic classes, specific regimens for different types of pneumonia, and common causative organisms.

CAP Antibiotic Classes

Beta-lactams (amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavanulate), macrolides (azithromycin), tetracyclines (doxycycline), and respiratory fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin).

Pneumonia Beta-lactams

Amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, and ceftriaxone.

Pneumonia Macrolides

Azithromycin and clarithromycin; these are effective against atypical organisms such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Pneumonia Tetracyclines

Doxycycline, which is the most commonly used tetracycline for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Respiratory Fluoroquinolones

Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin; used in patients with comorbidities or beta-lactam allergies.

Atypical Pneumonia Organisms

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila.

Atypical Pneumonia Coverage

Antibiotic classes including macrolides, doxycycline, and respiratory fluoroquinolones.

Ceftriaxone

Often used for hospitalized patients with CAP, frequently combined with azithromycin.

Inpatient CAP Regimen

Ceftriaxone plus azithromycin or levofloxacin monotherapy.

Aspiration Pneumonia Antibiotics

Amoxicillin-clavulanate for outpatient treatment and ampicillin-sulbactam for inpatient treatment.

Hospital-acquired Pneumonia (HAP) Organisms

Pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter species.

HAP Antibiotics

Piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, meropenem, and vancomycin depending on risk factors.

MRSA Coverage Indicators

Recent hospitalization, prior MRSA infection, severe pneumonia, or positive MRSA screening.

MRSA Coverage Antibiotics

Vancomycin or linezolid.

Fluoroquinolone Adverse Effects in Older Adults

Tendon rupture, QT prolongation, neuropathy, and CNS effects.