Spinal Muscles, functions and innervation

Longissimus Thoracis

Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column, rib rotation; Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves

Iliocostalis Thoracis

Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column, rib rotation; Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves

Spinalis Thoracis

Extends vertebral column; Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves

Semispinalis Thoracis

Extends & rotates vertebral column; Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves

Rotatores Thoracis

Extends & rotates vertebral column; Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves

Quadratus Lumborum

Lateral flexion of vertebral column; T12, L1

Interspinales

Extends vertebral column; Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves

Multifidus

Extends & rotates vertebral column; Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves

Longissimus Lumborum

Extends & rotates vertebral column; Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves

Iliocostalis Lumborum

Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column, rib rotation; Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves

Sternocleidomastoid

Extends & rotates head, flexes vertebral column; C2, C3

Scalenus

Flexes & rotates neck; Lower cervical nerves

Splenius Capitis

Extends & rotates head; Middle/lower cervical nerves

Semispinalis Cervicis

Extends & rotates vertebral column; Middle/lower cervical nerves

Semispinalis Capitis

Rotates head & pulls backward; C1–C5

Splenius Cervicis

Extends vertebral column; Middle/lower cervical nerves

Longus Colli Cervicis

Flexes cervical vertebrae; C2–C7

Longus Capitus

Flexes head; C1–C3

Iliocostalis Cervicis

Extends cervical vertebrae; Middle/lower cervical nerves

Longissimus Cervicis

Extends cervical vertebrae; Middle/lower cervical nerves

Longissimus Capitis

Rotates head & pulls backward; Middle/lower cervical nerves

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

Extends & rotates head; Suboccipital nerve

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Extends head; Suboccipital nerve

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

Rotates atlas; Suboccipital nerve

Obliquus Capitis Superior

Extends & bends head laterally; Suboccipital nerve