Evolution

what other experiences other than Galapagos led Darwin to formulate his concept of evolution

reading works of Malthus, Hutton, Lyell, however, voyage to Galapagos was main source of info

In a population that has some individuals that possess an adaptation that increases their chance of survival, how would the number of individuals possessing that adaptation change in future generations assuming the environment did not change

more of the population would have that adaptation in future generations

how did Hutton and Lyell help contribute to Darwin’s theories of evolution

theorized geological change is slow and procedes at the same rate today as it did in the past

when a fox tracks and kills a member of a rabbit population, some rabbits escape. What woudl Darwin say about this

survival of the fittest, those that escaped had a better adaptation that allowed them to survive and reproduce

adaptation

traits that increase fitness

fitness

the ability to survive and reporoduce

How does adaptation and fitness relate to natural selection

better adaptations = better fitness

what are two sources of genetic variation

mutation and sexual reproduction

geographic isolation

physical barrier separating populations

disruptive selection

Pressures against the average individual

stabilizing selection

pressures against the two extreme individuals

Directional selection

pressures against one extreme individual

convergent evolution

evolution of similar characteristics because of the same environment

how would you use DNA sequences or amino acid sequences to determine how closely related two species were

the fewer differences between two organisms, the closer the evolutionary relationship is

embryology provides evidence for what

similar features in early stages of embryos provide past evolutionary relationships

homologous structure

common embryological origin, but different function

Analogous structure

similar function, no common embryological origin

coevolution

species evolve in response to changes in each other

divergent evolution

two species that are closely related become increasingly different due to different environments

founder effect

few individuals start a new colony

bottleneck effect

most of population is wiped out, remaining population may be different from original population

What type of isolation is absolutely necessary for speciation to occur

reproductive

what is temporal isolation

breeding at different times

What environmental factor played a significant ole in the direction of beak evolution among Darwin’s finches

Size of the seeds/food sources available

how does sexual reproduction increase a species chante of survival. Under what conditions would sexual reproduction be beneficial

provides genetic variation

Someone will be more fit and survive when the environment is changing