Psychology (E)

Ebbinhaus’ research on memory

Memory decays exponentially

Echoic memory

Auditory memory

Effects of marijuana

• Temporary changes in perception

• Alters brain chemistry

Eidetic memory

Ability to vividly recall detailed visual images, sounds, or objects for a short time after seeing it once

Electroconvulsive shock therapy

Used in psychiatry to treat severe mental illness by passing small electric currents through the brain

Elizabeth Loftus’ research on eye witness testimony

Memories are not always what they seem

Endocrine organs

A network glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate long-term bodily processes

Endorphins

Reduce pain and elevate pleasure/mood

Engram

A physical, chemical, or biological change in the brain that stores a specific memory

Episodic memory

Episodes of your life that you can explain

Equity theory of relationships

People are most satisfied in relationships where the ratio of inputs and outputs are balanced

Eric Erikson’s 8 stages

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth - 1yr old)

2. Autonomy vs. Shame&Doubt (1-3 yrs old)

• Independence, big word “NO”

3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 yrs old)

• “NO” → “Why?”

4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 yrs old)

• evaluate by formal system & peers

5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18 yrs old)

• Identity crisis

6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (19-35 yrs old)

• balance work & relationship/marriage

7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (35-50 yrs old)

• mid-life crisis

8. Integrity vs. Despair (50-death)

• look back on life

Ethics of testing

• Informed consent: informed about what they are going to do & agree

• Risk: informed of potential risk

• Anonymity/confidentially: privacy

• Coercion: can’t be forced to participate, able to leave any time

• Debriefing: must tell the results of the study

Experiment

Only research method capable of showing CAUSE and EFFECT

Expectancy theory

Individuals choose behavior that maximize pleasure and minimize pain