Endo SA

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with uncomplicated Diabetes mellitus?

Hypocalcemia

indicate the characteristic clinical syndromes of diabetes mellitus in the dog

PU/PD, cataract formation, glycosuria, urinary tract bacterial infection, weight loss

which examinations and which biochemical parameters are indicated in the diagnosis of Addison disease

Hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, azotemia, metabolic acidosis

what test can be used to prove the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism describe the combination of correct tests

ACTH stimulation test, low dose dexamethasone suppression test, high dose dexamethasone suppression test, urinary cortisol: creatinine ratio

the diagnosis of hypothyroidism depends on examinations of a combination of hematological, biochemical and endocrinological parameter. which are correct

Decreased fT4, increased TSH, PU/PD, non-regenerative anemia, increased ALP

Find the right group of potential factors that cause DM in cats

c. islet amyloidosis, obesity pancreatitis acromegaly hyperthyroidism

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According to PP: Islet amyloidosis, obesity, pancreatitis, hormonal disease (Cushing,acromegaly, hyperthyroidism), infection, drugs (megestrol acetate,glucocorticoids),concurrent illness (renal insufficiency, cardiac disease

Find the right group of potential factors that cause DM in dogs

c. cushing diestrus- induced excess of growth hormones immune mediates disease

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According to PP: Genetics, immune-mediated disease, pancreatitis, drugs(glucocorticoids), hormonal disease (cushings, diestrus-induced excess of growthhormone, hypothyroidism), infection, obesity, concurrent illness (renal insufficiency,cardiac disease)

Secondary hypothyroidism

Malformation or neoplasia of the pituitary gland

Most common cause of hyperadrenocorticism is? MCQ

Right answer: Pituitary tumour (benign

Identify the group of clinical signs that appear in hypothyroidism:

Tail alopecia, uveitis, epileptiform seizures, bradycardia, hyporeflexia predominantly in the hindlimbs

Which clinical symptoms are most typical of Cushing’s syndrome

PU/PD, polyphagia, hair los, weight gain, lethargy and weakness.

OR: PU/PD, urinary tract infections, excessive panting, polyphagia.

Which parameters are the most important and determining in the diagnosis of Hypothyroidism

TT4, TSH, Chol, ALP, total lipids.

Hormones causing diabetogenic syndrome

Glucocorticoids: cortisol:

Growth hormone, glucagon, epinephrine.

Others affected by diabetes: GIP, GLP-1. And amylin

PU /PD:

Hyperthyroidism

Diabetes mellitus

Acute or chronic renal insufficiency

Lower urinary tract disease

Hypercalcemia

Pyometra

Liver disease

Hyperadrenocorticism

Clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism

Pendulous abdomen

Hair loss

PU/PD

Lethargy

Polyphagia

Hyperpigmentation

Clinical signs for Addison’s disease

Bradycardia

Weakness and depressio

Vomiting + diarrhea

PU/PD

What lab-findings are most typical for hyperadrenocorticism? Circle correct group

Hemogram may reveal stress leukogram.< 85% of dogs: High serum ALP activity, composed primarily of steroid induced isoenzyme

Elevated serum cholesterol

Mild hyperglycaemia

Urinalysis-low specific gravity

Proteinuria occasionally

Hyperthyroidism results in typical CS of various organ systems. Write at least 5:

Weight loss, polyphagia, PU/PD

Vomiting, nervous, hyperactive,

Patchy alopecia

Weakness, tremor

Dyspnoea, panting

Decreased activity, lethargy, anorexia

Small kidneys

Tachycardia, palpable thyroid

Write minimum 8 dermatological signs of hypothyroidism in dogs

Keratinisation & sebum production are affected, leading to decreased defence on skin surface; pyoderma may occur due to increased bacterial infection

T4 has a serious effect on cycle of hair loss & regrowth; anagen is inhibited & telogen phase is often prolonged hair takes longer to fall out, so it becomes rough and dull

Lack of new growth means that alopecia gradually forms; common areas are flanks (bilateral symmetrical alopecia) & tail(rat tail

Alopetic skin may be hyperpigmented, thickened or cool to touch

Chronic seborrhea siccaor recurrentotitis externa can be seen

In some dogs, the only symptom is recurrent pyoderma or adult-onset generalized demodicosis

Abnormal keratinization leads to excessive scaling

Name 5 drugs that cause euthyroid syndrome:

Sulphonamides

Glucocorticoids

Phenobarbitals

NSAIDs

Some anesthetics

5 clinical signs of Diabetes mellitus

PU/PD

Weight loss

Excessive thirst

Polyphagia

Catarac

Hyperadrenocorticism list of biochemical parameters & leukogram (MCQ)

Neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia, eosinopenia, increased serum ALP activity, mildhyperglycemia, increased serum cholessterol, urinalysis → low specific gravity, proteinuria

Give parameters that indicate / diagnostic tests for Cushing’s, can include stimulation or inhibition tests

ACTH stimulation test

Low dose dexamethasone suppression test

High dose dexamethasone suppression test

Urinary cortisol:creatinine ratio

Other: urinalysis, elevated serum chloesterol concentration, hemogram, milk hyperglycemia

Give 5 neurological signs for hypothyroidism

Facial nerve paralysis

Peripheral vestibular disease

Polyneuropathy

Megaesophagus

Laryngeal paralysis

What is Somogyi effect?

Occurs due to overdose of insulin. The insulin acts to lower the blood glucose (blood sugar) level.

However, because too much insulin was given, the blood glucose level may fall lower than the normal range - rebound hyperglycemia

Name 5 clinical signs of hypothyroidism

Bilateral symmetrical alopecia.

Seborrhea

Lethargy

Cold intolerance

Weight gain

Myxoedema

Poor hair coat

What is the difference between hypothyroidism and euthyroid

Euthyroid: receptors on albumin and globulin are blocked, gradual fT4 decrease and TT4 is reduced. Decrease in T4 due to illness not connected with thyroid function. Do not have elevated TSH levels.

Hypothyroidism: decreased fT4 and TSH increase due to thyroid dysfunction. The thyroid glanddoesn’t produce and secrete enough thyroid hormones due to abnormal thyroid function. Thiscauses elevated TSH secretion from the pituitary gland

Hormonal insulin antagonists are:

Progesterone, glucagon, adrenalin, cortisol

There are many causes of insulin resistance. Find the right combination for the dog

Cushing’s disease, acromegaly, neoplasia, immune mediated diseases

The classical clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism in cats are

Restlessness, polyphagia, weight loss, PU/PD

The diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is based on a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. Which is correct?

Increase in parathyroid hormone, crystalluria, hypercalcemia, normo-or hypophosphatemia

Which laboratory findings are the most typical in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism?

↑Neutr, ↓Eosinf, ↓Lymf, ↑ALT, ↑ALP, ↑Chol

Hyperthyroidism in cats can be successfully controlled with:

Methimazole, iodine radioisotope, or thyroidectomy

The most common clinical symptoms in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in dogs are

PU/PD, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, weight loss, bacterial infection in the urinary tract

What is a common complication of bilateral thyroidectomy in cats

Hypocalcaemia

Hyperthyroidism in cats is usually associated with?

Thyroadenoma

Which is NOT a cutaneous sign of hyperadrenocorticism

Hypertrichosis

Hyperadrenocorticism in cats is associated with which abnormalities

PU/PD, polyphagia, anorexia

Most common cause of hyperadrenocorticism is

Pituitary gland tumour (benign

A 14 year old spayed female poodle presented with progressive hair loss. Physical examination reveals sparsetruncal hair, thin skin, hyperpigmented areas & 3 areas of thickened skin that feels slightly gritty. Owner reported that skin problems does not bother the dog. Blood sample is taken and 2h later, owner phones & reports that the dog has a huge bruise at site of venepuncture. The most likely diagnoseis?

Hyperadrenocorticism

Bilateral symmetrical alopecia is a sign of

Hypothyroidism

Symmetrical, bilateral alopecia without pruritus is due to

Hypothyroidism (endocrine dermatoses)

Symmetrical non-purulent alopecia, in which disease

Hypothyroidism

Non-cutaneous sign of hyperadrenocorticism in cats and dogs

Symmetric alopecia

7-year-oldpoodle, overweight, with PU/PD, polyphagia, and weight loss ,most probably

Hyperadrenocorticism or diabetes mellitus

Diagnosis for Addisions–biochemical tests 5 options e.g

-High urea, high creatine, low ACTH, ECG

-High urea (BUN), high creatinine, high ACTH(secondary adrenal insufficiency: delay), no cortisol. Decreased sodium and chloride

-ECG: due to hyperkalaemia→peak T waves and wider QRS complex (bradycardia

Tests/parameters for high glucose over2-3 weeks?

Fructosamine

There are 4 options. Each lists about 5non-endocrinopathies

Pyometra, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Outside the parathyroid glands