Unit 3 Age of Exploration

CAM

Cortez, Aztec, Mexico

PIP

Pizarro, Inca, Peru

Francis Drake

• Sailed around the world in 1579 and claimed California for England

• The Spanish hated him because he was a pirate (arrr matey) who stole their gold and stuff off ships in the Atlantic

• The English loved him because they got precious Spanish stuff (and he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth)

Vasco DaGama

• Sailed for Portugal

• Headed south AROUND the Cape of Good Hope

• Made it to India (yayyy) and began establishing trade agreements with tribes on the coast

Columbus

• His journeys marked the beginning of trans-Atlantic colonization by Europeans

• He is from Genoa (Italy), but received funding from the King and Queen of Spain

• In 1492 he ran into the Bahamas then returned to the region 3 more times

Middle Passage

• Enslaved Africans to the New World

• Part of the Triangular Trade system (but only the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic ocean)

• Millions of kidnapped humans were taken from their communities and forced onto ships manned by European crews.

Constantinople

• Southeastern Europe, sat on major land and sea trade routes (like the Silk Road)

• marked a new time in European trade as the land route to Asia got more expensive

• fell in 1453 to the Ottomans

Prince Henry the Navigator

• Established a navigation school

• Prince of Portugal

• Wanted his country to gain wealth and spread Christianity

Cartier

• Sailed for France 🥖

• First European to explore the St. Lawrence River

• Made claims in what is now Canada 🍁 for France 🥖

Colombian Exchange

• The transfer of goods, ideas, diseases between the Western Hemisphere and the rest of the world after 1492

Treaty of Tordesillas

• the 1493 Line of Demarcation drawn by the Pope

• divided what parts Spain & Portugal could have

Triangular Trade

• Trade of goods, diseases, foods, etc. in the Trans-Atlantic

• Europe, West Africa, Americas

British East India Company

• An example of private merchants or joint stock companies who took control of parts of other countries for profit. Often used their own army.

• At its peak, this was the largest corporation in the world

Foreign Enclaves

• One city/port that outsiders were allowed to trade with

• China and Japan’s isolationist ideas

Peninsulares

• Top of the pyramid

• Born in Spain

• Given the best jobs in the Spanish Colonies

• Supposedly more loyal to mother country

Magellan

Sailed for Spain, named the Philippines

• first European in 1500 to circumnavigate the world

• died before voyage was complete (fight with natives)

Harvey

Circulation of blood

Newton

• Apple guy

• Gravity

Kepler

• Has the galaxy/space thing named after him

• Elliptical orbits

Nicolas Copernicus

• Heliocentric (Sun) theory, but was scared of the Church 😬

• Published his heliocentric theory right before he died 💀

Galileo

• Used telescope to prove heliocentric theory, 1609

• Was brought before the Inquisition (trial) and forced to recant his findings