Biol 226 (A&P II) Lab Exercise 9 - Respiratory System, Volumes, Rates, and Capacities

0.0(0)
Studied by 0 people
call kaiCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/84

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Last updated 3:15 AM on 4/9/26
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
Call with Kai

No analytics yet

Send a link to your students to track their progress

85 Terms

1
New cards

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

What type of tissue is the blue arrow pointing at on this slide?

<p>What type of tissue is the blue arrow pointing at on this slide?</p>
2
New cards

Basement membrane

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is shown on this slide. What is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is shown on this slide. What is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
3
New cards

Cilia

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is shown on this slide. What is the blue arrow pointing at? These hair-like structures project out into the lumen

<p>Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is shown on this slide. What is the blue arrow pointing at? These hair-like structures project out into the lumen</p>
4
New cards

Goblet cells

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is shown on this slide. What is the blue arrow pointing at? This cell secretes mucus.

<p>Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is shown on this slide. What is the blue arrow pointing at? This cell secretes mucus.</p>
5
New cards

Bifurcation of the trachea

What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
6
New cards

Carina

What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
7
New cards

Bronchioles

What structures of the heart/lung model are the blue arrows pointing at?

<p>What structures of the heart/lung model are the blue arrows pointing at?</p>
8
New cards

Cricoid cartilage

What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
9
New cards

Epiglottis

What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
10
New cards

Esophagus

What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
11
New cards

Hyoid bone

What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
12
New cards

Lungs

What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
13
New cards

Right primary bronchi

What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
14
New cards

Left primary bronchi

What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
15
New cards

Thyroid cartilage

What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
16
New cards

Trachea

What structure of the heart/lung model are the blue arrows pointing at?

<p>What structure of the heart/lung model are the blue arrows pointing at?</p>
17
New cards

Tracheal cartilage

What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at? (The partial ring structure)

<p>What structure of the heart/lung model is the blue arrow pointing at? (The partial ring structure)</p>
18
New cards

Carina

What structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
19
New cards

Bronchioles

What structures of the lung diagram are the blue arrows pointing at?

<p>What structures of the lung diagram are the blue arrows pointing at?</p>
20
New cards

Cricoid cartilage

What structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
21
New cards

Lungs

What organ are the blue arrows pointing at?

<p>What organ are the blue arrows pointing at?</p>
22
New cards

Right superior (upper) lobe

Which lobe of the lungs is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which lobe of the lungs is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
23
New cards

Right middle lobe

Which lobe of the lungs is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which lobe of the lungs is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
24
New cards

Right inferior (lower) lobe

Which lobe of the lungs is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which lobe of the lungs is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
25
New cards

Left superior (upper) lobe

Which lobe of the lungs is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which lobe of the lungs is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
26
New cards

Left inferior (lower) lobe

Which lobe of the lungs is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which lobe of the lungs is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
27
New cards

Right main (primary) bronchus

Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
28
New cards

Right main (primary) bronchus

Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
29
New cards

Left main (primary) bronchus

Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
30
New cards

Lobar (secondary) bronchus

Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
31
New cards

Segmental (tertiary) bronchus

Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
32
New cards

Superior (upper) lobar bronchi

Which structures of the lung diagram are the blue arrows pointing at?

<p>Which structures of the lung diagram are the blue arrows pointing at?</p>
33
New cards

Inferior (lower) lobar bronchi

Which structures of the lung diagram are the blue arrows pointing at?

<p>Which structures of the lung diagram are the blue arrows pointing at?</p>
34
New cards

Middle lobar bronchus

Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
35
New cards

Thyroid cartilage

Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
36
New cards

Trachea

Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
37
New cards

Tracheal cartilage - cartilaginous ring

Which individual structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which individual structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
38
New cards

Terminal bronchiole

Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
39
New cards

Respiratory bronchiole

Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>Which structure of the lung diagram is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
40
New cards

Normal lung tissue

What type of tissue is depicted on this microscope slide?

<p>What type of tissue is depicted on this microscope slide?</p>
41
New cards

Alveolus

What structure is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
42
New cards

Simple Squamous epithelium

Which tissue is depicted on this slide? This makes up the walls of an alveolus.

<p>Which tissue is depicted on this slide? This makes up the walls of an alveolus.</p>
43
New cards

Intralobular bronchiole

What structure is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
44
New cards

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

This is a slide showing an interlobular bronchiole. What type of cells lines this bronchiole?

<p>This is a slide showing an interlobular bronchiole. What type of cells lines this bronchiole?</p>
45
New cards

Respiratory bronchiole

What structure is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>What structure is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
46
New cards

Simple cuboidal epithelium

This is a slide showing a respiratory bronchiole. What type of cells lines this bronchiole?

<p>This is a slide showing a respiratory bronchiole. What type of cells lines this bronchiole?</p>
47
New cards

Lung tissue from a patient with emphysema

What type of tissue depicted on this slide? What condition did this person have?

<p>What type of tissue depicted on this slide? What condition did this person have?</p>
48
New cards

Trachea

What organ is shown on this microscope slide?

<p>What organ is shown on this microscope slide?</p>
49
New cards

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

This is a slide depicting the trachea. What layer of cells is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>This is a slide depicting the trachea. What layer of cells is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
50
New cards

Hyaline cartilage

This is a slide depicting the trachea. What type of tissue is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>This is a slide depicting the trachea. What type of tissue is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
51
New cards

Smooth muscle tissue

This is a slide depicting the trachea. What type of tissue is the blue arrow pointing at?

<p>This is a slide depicting the trachea. What type of tissue is the blue arrow pointing at?</p>
52
New cards
knowt flashcard image
53
New cards

Tidal volume (TV)

What volume is shown on this spirometer tracing?

<p>What volume is shown on this spirometer tracing?</p>
54
New cards

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

What volume is shown on this spirometer tracing?

<p>What volume is shown on this spirometer tracing?</p>
55
New cards

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

What volume is shown on this spirometer tracing?

<p>What volume is shown on this spirometer tracing?</p>
56
New cards

Vital capacity (VC)

What capacity is shown on this spirometer tracing?

<p>What capacity is shown on this spirometer tracing?</p>
57
New cards

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

What capacity is shown on this spirometer tracing?

<p>What capacity is shown on this spirometer tracing?</p>
58
New cards

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

This capacity of the lungs can be calculated by combining residual volume and the expiratory reserve volume

59
New cards

Total lung capacity (TLC)

This is the maximum amount of air contained in lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort. This is the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold. This capacity can be calculated by combining Inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume.

60
New cards

Tidal volume

This volume is the difference between the peak of normal inhalation and the trough of normal exhalation. This is normal breathing and is the volume of air from one normal exhalation

61
New cards

Inspiratory reserve volume

This is the volume of air one can inhale beyond normal inhalation.

62
New cards

Expiratory reserve volume

This is the volume of air one can exhale after normal exhalation.

63
New cards

Vital capacity

This capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled from the lungs. This goes from peak inhalation to the plateau of maximum exhalation. This can be calculated by adding Inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume

64
New cards

Inspiratory capacity

This capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled. This goes from the end of normal exhalation to the peak of forced inhalation. This can be calculated by adding inspiratory reserve volume and tidal volume.

65
New cards

Residual volume

This is the volume of air that one cannot exhale; this is always present in the lungs.

66
New cards

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + Tidal volume (TV) = ?

or

Total lung capacity (TLC) - Functional residual capacity (FRC) = ?

or

Vital capacity (VC) - Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) = ?

67
New cards

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + Residual volume (RV = ?

or

Total lung capacity (TLC) - Inspiratory capacity (IC) = ?

68
New cards

Vital capacity (VC)

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + Tidal volume (TV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) = ?

or

Inspiratory capacity (IC) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) = ?

or

Total lung capacity (TLC) - Residual volume (RV) = ?

69
New cards

Total lung capacity (TLC)

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + Tidal volume (TV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + Residual volume (RV) = ?

or

Vital capacity (VC) + Residual volume (RV) = ?

or

Inspiratory capacity (IC) + Functional residual capacity (FRC) = ?

70
New cards

Duration of one breath

What is depicted on the spirometry tracing?

<p>What is depicted on the spirometry tracing?</p>
71
New cards

RR = Breaths/minute

- First calculate how long the respiratory cycle duration goes on

- Go from one peak of the tidal volume to the next peak = 1 breath/x seconds

- Convert 1 breath/x seconds to breaths/minute

How does one calculate respiratory rate (RR)?

72
New cards

Respiratory rate (RR)

This is the rate determining how many breaths one breathes in a minute

73
New cards

Minute ventilation

This is the volume of air moved through all respiratory passages in one minute

74
New cards

MV = RR x TV

Respiratory rate * Tidal volume = Minute ventilation in mL/min

How does one calculate minute ventilation (MV)?

75
New cards

Dead space (DS)

This is the volume of air in each breath that does not participate in gas exchange. This number is given to you for calculations. The volume consists of air in the trachea, major bronchi, and many bronchioles where exchange does not take place

76
New cards

AVR = RR x (TV-DS)

Respiratory rate * (Tidal volume - Dead space) = Alveolar ventilation rate in mL/minute

How does one calculate alveolar ventilation rate (AVR)?

77
New cards

Alveolar ventilation rate (AVR)

This is the volume of air that participates in gas exchange in one minute - must subtract volume of dead space (volume not involved in gas exchange)

78
New cards

3,259 mL

What is the forced expiratory volume after 1 second (FEV1)? This occurs from the start of forced exhalation to one second after

<p>What is the forced expiratory volume after 1 second (FEV1)? This occurs from the start of forced exhalation to one second after</p>
79
New cards

6,661 mL

What is the forced expiratory volume after 3 seconds (FEV3)? This Occurs from the start of forced exhalation until 3 seconds after

<p>What is the forced expiratory volume after 3 seconds (FEV3)? This Occurs from the start of forced exhalation until 3 seconds after</p>
80
New cards

7,267 mL

What is the total forced expiratory volume (FEVT)? This occurs from start of forced exhalation until it plateaus and no more can be exhaled

<p>What is the total forced expiratory volume (FEVT)? This occurs from start of forced exhalation until it plateaus and no more can be exhaled</p>
81
New cards

FEV1/FEVT = 3,259 mL / 7,267 mL x 100% = 45%

Forced expiratory volume, 1 second (FEV1) = 3,259 mL ; Forced expiratory volume, total (FEVT) = 7,267

Calculate Forced expiratory volume, % total after 1 second (%FEVT1)

82
New cards

FEV3/FEVT = 6,661 mL / 7,267 mL x 100% = 92%

Forced expiratory volume, 3 seconds (FEV3) = 6,661 mL ; Forced expiratory volume, total (FEVT) = 7,267 mL

Calculate forced expiratory volume, % total after 3 seconds (%FEVT3)

83
New cards

A normal individual should be able to exhale ~75% of the total volume in the first second and ~95% of the total volume within the first 3 seconds.

%FEVT1 = ~75%

%FEVT3 = ~95%

What are the "normal" values for %FEVT1 and %FEVT3?

84
New cards
knowt flashcard image
85
New cards

Patients with emphysema or forms of COPD may not be able to forcefully exhale the volume of air in their lungs as quickly as someone without those conditions. Damage to the alveoli and structures of the lungs make it difficult for the lungs to recoil and release their contents. Inhalation may not be the problem, but upon forcing exhalation, it would not be possible to do so efficiently. This would decrease the Forced expiratory volume % totals after 1 and 3 seconds

What is a condition that would affect the values for %FEVT1 and %FEVT3? (Forced expiratory volume, % total after 1 and 3 seconds)