Wars of the Roses 5 1461-85

Edward crowned in London

March 1461

Battle of Towton

29th March 1461

Battle of Hexham and Hedgeley Moor

1464

Marriage to elizabeth woodville

May 1464

Henry captured, held in the tower

1465

Clarence and Warwick Ally

1469

Clarence marries Isobel Neville

1469

Battle of Edgecote

26th July 1469

Edward IV captured and released

1469

Battle of Losecoat Field and Battle of Nibeley Green

March 1470

Warwick flees to france, marriage of Anne Neville to Edward of Lancaster

April 1470

Warwick invades, Edward flees, readeption of Henry VI

September 1470

Edward invades England, Clarence joins edward

March 1471

Battle of Barnet

14 April 1471

Battle of Tewekesbury

4 May 1471

Henry VI dies

12 May 1471

Richard of Gloucester marries Anne Neville

1472

Division of Neville inheritance

1474-5

Treaty of Picquiny

1475

death of Isobel Neville

1476

Clarence tries Twynho

April 1477

Clarence arrested

May 1477

Trial of Clarence

January 1478

Execution of Duke of Clarence

18 February 1478

Edward IV dies

9 April 1483

Edward V arrives in London

May 1483

Arrest of Edward IV’s allies, Richard of York to Tower

13 June 1483

Execution of Woodvilles

25 June 1483

Richard III becomes king

26 June 1483

Coronation of Richard III

6 July 1483

Buckingham’s rebellions

Sep 1483

Henry Tudor returns to Brittany joined by Yorkist rebels

November 1483

Henry Tudor flees from Brittany to France

1484

Anglo-scottish truce

1484

Reconciliation with Elizabeth Woodville

1 March 1484

Death of Princes in the Tower

1484

Death of Anne Neville

1485

Battle of Bosworth

22 August 1485

Death of Richard III

1485

Threats in Edward’s Second reign

Warwick, Henry VI and Edward of Lancaster all dead. Only Lancastrians remaining = Jasper & Henry Tudor.

Tensions in the Yorkist camp late 1470s-80s:

Clarence & Gloucester rivals for land & patronage; Clarence tried to prevent Richard of Gloucester marrying Anne Neville to claim all Warwick inheritance for himself.

Clarence’s behaviour:

• Upset by death of wife Isabel

• then angered by Edward’s refusal to allow him to remarry (daughter of Duke of Burgundy or sister of King of Scotland)

• Clarence avoided court and would not eat or drink

• abuse of justice system led to execution of former servant of his wife, Ankarette Twynho

• Clarence’s servant executed for plotting against the king; Clarence arrested, tried and executed (in a vat of wine?)= ruthless act by Edward.

Impact of Edward’s early death

• Unexpected

• Political crisis

• Prince Edward heavily influenced by Woodvilles

• Little Opposition to Richard declaring himself protector