Global Studies Midterm

Equivocation

seeing all struggles as the same, creating ambiguity to absolve condemnation /accountability.

Social justice

reformist projects that strive for equality within the settler system, ultimately reinforces the state.

Incommensurability

unable to be measured or considered together, irreconcilable.

Qusai monopoly/ oligopoly

endorsed by the state by patents, subsidies, etc., but with finite life span when patent expire /similar products are made, eventually no longer leading market.

Positivism

looks at research as potentially objective, a system that holds that every rationally justifiable assertion can be scientifically verified or is capable of logical proof (rejects metaphysics)

Decolonization

is not a metaphor- can not be substituted for other projects, ways of thinking, knowledge.

Pure Knowledge

hides the fact that all knowledge is born of political formation (discourse)

Modernity

ambiguous and contradictory, a concept that does not always describe the advancement of society, but instead where one group (Europe) configures space and time toward themselves.

Wallerstein

thinks about how capitalism organizes global space as opposed to Marx class distinctions and trajectories.

Internal colonization

not a homogenous population, biopolitical and goepolitcal management of land and people within the metropole.

Rationality

a system that provides a set amount of way to make judgment (Eurocentrism an example of this)

Positionality

how who we are as knowledge producers have vested interests in the knowledge that we produce, how our own intellectual subject formation position us in relation to a text, idea, people etc.

Intersubjectivity

the idea of relational terms such as core /periphery /sacred /profane, western /non- western, European /non- european, in that one does not exist without the other, a relation that is characterized by dependence on the other to exist (but there is an imbalance of power between the two)

Unequal exchange

When competitive products are in a weak position and quasi monopolized products are in a strong position.

Manichaean

dualist, cut into two, binary in a way that one is good and evil, black and white.

Eurocentric mirror

the composite, partial, and distorted image imposed onto the oppressed

Superstructure

the state or institutions that are a result of the mechanisms or base

Capital

resources that can accumulate more wealth on its own ex.

Nationalization

(according to Quijano): a two step process of internal domination and external colonization.

Settler adoption fantasy

Adopt indigenous way to be able to absolve settler guilt

Civilization as trajectory

(myth one in the theory of Eurocentrism) a theory of history that claims civilization departed from a state of nature and culminated in Europe, posits Europe as most developed, modern, and technically advanced, also known as evolutionism.

Capitalism

fundamentally racist because based on coloniality of power, accumulation for the sake of accumulation

Eurocentrism

An ideology based on two founding myths (evolutionism and dualism): that history has evolved and culminated in Europe (evolutionism) and that the difference between Europeans and non- Europeans is a result of essential racial differences and not differences in power (dualism) (page 542)

Geoculture

common cultural patterns shared among the world, not an attribute of the world economy.

Essentialism

idea that certain categories have an underlying reality or true nature

Asterisk /At risk people

A move to innocence, naming vulnerable high risk, often disregarded in data, to make negligible or miniscule.

Velvet Curtain of culture

What Huntington states has replaced the iron curtain of ideology as the most significant dividing line (in Europe)

Substructure

a base, mechanisms and means of production.

Commodity fetischism

source of labor erased when consumer focuses on commodity itself as opposed to where it came from (not required to know)

Coloniality

a system of domination dependent on a biological or naturalized race which organizes and provides a logic to the control of labor.

Unchangeable identity

"What are you, "a given that can not be changes, an essentialist view of identity.

Strategic location

"a way of describing the authors position in a text with regard to the Oriental material he writes about, "the idea that knowledge production depends on who has the power to express and control ideas (page 20)

Strategic formation

the way that texts acquire density and power among themselves, an internal consistency that reinforce each other, an echo chamber of sorts that makes powerful perspectives canonical.

Semiperipheral industries

a mix of core and periphery.

Global intersubjectivity

global identities account for the way that people are racialized in similar way have similar places in the division of labor.

Anti-colonialism

reversal of the settler system, colonized gain settle experience, a seizure of the state instead of undoing the state, Fanon, external colonialism, kicking out external colonizers, whereas decolonization insists on rethinking of very conditions of life.

World economy

large geographic zone within which there is a division of labor, not bounded by a unitary political structure, contains many cultures and groups, structure is unified by the division of labor.

Division of labor

axial division between core and periphery (as opposed to Quijano racial division)

Modernity

a concept often used by the west to imply development, advancement, technological progress, and civility that is prescribed to western traditions and deprived from the orient.

Decolonization

A process that is incommensurable with social justice, returning land to indigious people.

Capital

A resource that accumulates wealth on its own, a social relation based on the commodification of the labor force.

World economy

large geographic zone within which there is a division of labor, not bounded by a unitary political structure, contains many cultures and groups, structure is unified by the division of labor

Capitalist system

a collection of institutions that gives priority to the endless accumulation of capital, firms and people accumulate capital for the purpose of accumulating more capital, works in conjunction with world economy, needs large market and a multiplicity of states; involves markets, states, firms, households, classes, groups, identities

Free market

claimed by Wallerstein to be myth; a market without interference in which all parties have perfect information, meaning all sellers and buyers knew state of cost of production

Core products

products controlled by quasi monopolies, associated with strong states

Periphery products

products that are truly competitive, associated with weak states

Core/periphery

degree of profitability of the production processes, directly related to degree of monopolization (page 56)

Semiperipheral industries

a mix of core and periphery

Unequal exchange

When competitive products are in a weak position and quasi monopolized products are in a strong position

(Self liquidation) Cycle of core products

more extensive employment, higher wage levels, general sense of relative prosperity
More firms enter the market lead to overproduction
Increase price competition, lowering profit
Buildup of unsold products slows further production
Stagnation or recession, rates of unemployment rise
Producers seek to reduce cost
Relocation of production processes to zones with historically low wages (semi peripheral countries)
In turn lowers wages in core zones
Demand lack again because of the earning of consumer
Oligopolies export unemployment to other core states by outcompeting with their state machineries

Axis of power

The planes in which powers stand in relation to each other "The West and the Rest", Western and non-Westerm, Capitalist and anti-capitalist, a binary structure of power

Positivism

looks at research as potentially objective, a system that holds that every rationally justifiable assertion can be scientifically verified or is capable of logical proof (rejects metaphysics)

political knowledge

biased knowledge that comes from positionality

Pure knowledge

hides the fact that all knowledge is born of political formation (discourse)

Intersubjectivity

the idea of relational terms such as core/periphery/ sacred/profane, western/non-western, European/non-european, in that one does not exist without the other, a relation that is characterized by dependence on the other to exist (but there is an imbalance of power between the two)

Positionality

how who we are as knowledge producers have vested interests in the knowledge that we produce, how our own intellectual subject formation position us in relation to a text, idea, people etc

Myth of modernity

the idea of evolutionism that Europe uses to claim that their society is the culmination of human history (myth 1 of Eurocentrism)

Coloniality

a system of domination dependent on a biological or naturalized race which organizes and provides a logic to the control of labor

Settler

establish the law

Immigrant

have to get accustomed to the law

Settler colonialism

operates through an internal/external colonial mode simultaneously because there is no spatial separation between metropole and colony (page 5)

Anti-colonialism

a reversal of the settler system, colonized gain settle experience, a seizure of the state instead of undoing the state, Fanon, external colonialism, kicking out external colonizers, whereas decolonization insists on rethinking of very conditions of life

Social justice

reformist projects that strive for equality within the settler system, ultimately reinforces the state

External colonization (colony)

expropriation of indigenous world, turned into resources for the colonizer, extractive colonialism ex

Internal colonization (metorople)

not a homogenous population, biopolitical and goepolitcal management of land and people within the metropole

Nativism

A move to innocence in which the settler claims to have roots to the land to absolve their settler guilt, "indian grandmother syndrome"

Equivocation

seeing all struggles as the same, creating ambiguity to absolve condemnation/ accountability

Free your mind and the rest will follow

the idea of decolonizing the mind, that decolonization can be mental or a metaphor absolves tangible changes (criticizes Fanon/Freire)

Re-occupation and urban homesteading

the Occupy social justice movement to redistribute wealth, while ignoring the fact that the wealth that they are redistributing takes the form of land that is not theirs to redistribute in the first place

Decolonization is not a metaphor

cannot be substituted for other projects, ways of thinking, knowledge

Manichaean

dualist, cut into two, binary in a way that one is good and evil, black and white

Substructure

a base, mechanisms and means of production

Superstructure

the state or institutions that are a result of the mechanisms