WWI Study guide

industrial revolution

 was the shift from hand crafted to machine made goods with the mass production of products

dual monarchy

a huge unique governmental system where two distinct, self-governing kingdoms are ruled by the same monarchy

germany

The nation Otto van Bismarck helped unify under Prussian rule

italy

was divided into states/ Kingdoms Leaders: Garibaldi & Cavour from Sardinia Revolts and wars for unity Unified by 1871 under Sardinian Leadership Created the nations of Italy

central powers

the side of WWI that  contained Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy, Ottoman Empire

nationalism

pride and loyalty to one’s nation

militarism

-the focus on and building up on a nation's military.

mobilize

to prepare military forces for war and help other nations (Russia began to mobilize to help Serbia)

francis fredinand

Austrian-hungarian heir to francis Joseph I: King/Emperor of Austria Hungary, He was killed by a member of the black hand, which was a catalyst for WWI

gavrilo princip

assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914.

black hand

 a slavic nationalist/terrorist group, who was upset due to foreign ru,e bu austria-hungary

total war

 the channeling of a nation’s entire resources into a war effort

schlieffen plan

 It entailed German armies march through Belgium to avoid a 2-front war. Britain had a treaty of alliance with Belgium, August 3, 1914: Germany invaded Belgium. Britain declared war on Germany. This created a problem for Germany as now they were forced to fight France and Britain on what would become the western front

neutrality

The state of not taking or participating in a dispute

stalemate

 in which neither side is able to defeat the other.

shell shock

men who were not physically injured but suffered psychological damage 

conscription

the drafting of individuals for war

war front

the military sector in which actual combat takes place

morale

the overall confidence, enthusiasm, and mental well-being of a person or group, especially when facing challenges, difficult situations, or a specific goal

trench warfare

A type of land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising of military trenches, in which combatants are well-protected from the enemy’s small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery

no man’s land

consisted of shell hole and barbed wire; an area between the trenches where soldiers awaited entry to shoot down

u-boat

submarine

zimmerman telegram

the cause of the US getting involved in the war

slav

 a member of the ethnolinguistic group native to Eurasia who speaks a slavic language

ottoman empire

a vast, muklti-ethnoic, and multi-religious religious/islamic superpower founded by turkish tribes in Anatolia in 1299

russian revolution

  a pair of explosive political events that dismantled the tsarist autocracy and led to ther rise of the Soviet Union. Russia’s reason for withdrawing from the war. 

czar

A russian emperor The word comes from caesar, who were the caesar’s of emperors of rome

USSR

 a massive transcontinental country that existed from 1922 to 1991, AKA Soviet union.

vladimir lenin

leader of the new Russian government

pan slavism

the principal or advocacy of the union of all slavic peoples in one organization as a measure of defense