US Government Structures and Ideologies

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to the U.S. government, including the foundational plans for government structure, the checks and balances system, significant compromises, and core principles outlined in the Constitution.

What does the New Jersey Plan propose regarding state representation?

Every state gets the same number of representatives regardless of size or population.

What does the Virginia Plan propose regarding state representation?

Representation based on population; larger states have more representatives.

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

A compromise where each slave is counted as three-fifths of a person for representation purposes.

What are the three branches of government?

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.

What is the primary function of the Legislative Branch?

To make laws.

What power does the Executive Branch have regarding laws passed by Congress?

The Executive Branch carries out and enforces the laws.

What is judicial review?

The power of the courts to determine whether laws or actions by the executive are constitutional.

What is the significance of checks and balances?

It ensures that no single branch of government becomes too powerful by allowing each branch to monitor and limit the actions of the others.

What historical event does the concept of checks and balances seek to address?

The fear of a tyrannical majority or concentration of power.

What amendment is known for protecting freedom of speech?

The First Amendment.

What economic perspective did Charles Beard attribute to the founding fathers regarding the Constitution?

He argued that the Constitution was designed to protect the interests of the economic elites.

What did the Electoral College aim to prevent?

It was established out of a distrust of direct democracy and an attempt to buffer against the whims of the populace.

How were Senators selected before the 17th Amendment?

They were chosen by state legislatures.

What was the primary concern of the Anti-Federalists during the ratification of the Constitution?

Fear of an overpowered central government without a bill of rights.

What does the Necessary and Proper Clause allow Congress to do?

It gives Congress the power to make laws that are necessary and proper for executing its enumerated powers.

Who has the authority to impeach the President?

The House of Representatives can impeach the President.

Who conducts the impeachment trial of the President?

The Senate conducts the impeachment trial.

What was the primary economic principle opposed by the Anti-Federalists?

Mercantilism, as they feared it would benefit the elite at the expense of the common people.

What can happen if a President vetoes a bill passed by Congress?

Congress can override the veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both houses.