ford african amercian

How did President Ford respond in 1974 when white parents actively obstructed Boston’s school busing program?

He refused to intervene, claiming that school integration was strictly a state-level issue rather than a federal one.

What did the Supreme Court rule regarding school integration in the landmark 1974 case Milliken v. Bradley?

It ruled that busing could only be forced across school districts if an explicit pattern of official discrimination could be proven.

What was the social consequence of the 1974 Milliken v. Bradley ruling for suburban communities?

It ensured that "white flight" to the suburbs remained an effective strategy to maintain de facto separate white schooling.

What percentage of young African Americans were successfully graduating from high school by 1975 thanks to the legacies of Johnson and Nixon?

65% of young African Americans.

How much funding did President Ford provide to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in 1975 to continue the War on Drugs?

A budget of $140 million, which continued to cause the disproportionate imprisonment of black Americans.

What major leadership change occurred within the Nation of Islam following the death of Elijah Muhammad in 1975?

His son Wallace Muhammad took over, rejected his father's ideology, and realigned the group with mainstream Islamic teachings.

What did Wallace Muhammad rename the Nation of Islam after taking leadership in 1975?

The World Community of Al-Islam in the West (or World Community of Islam).

What small black feminist activist organization was founded in Boston in 1975?

The Combahee River Collective.

How did the 1975 television show "Starsky & Hutch" challenge contemporary racial social norms?

It featured black actor Richard Ward starring as the authoritative supervisor of white detectives.

What highly influential multi-generational historical novel did author Alex Haley publish in 1976?

"Roots: The Saga of an American Family" (which traced a black family from African origins to the Civil War).

Which president officially gave Black History Month federal recognition and endorsement in 1976?

President Gerald Ford, as part of the American Bicentennial celebrations.