NLST (finals) - Autism

Neurodevelopmental

Autism is what type of disorder?

Social Communication and Interaction

Patients who suffer from autism has difficulty in what?

Restricted and Repetitive

Behaviors, interests and activities are characterized as?

Symptoms and severity vary widely

Why is autism called a "spectrum"?

Before age 3

When does symptoms usually occur?

Social Communication Difficulties

- Limited eye contact

- Difficulty understanding social cues

- Delayed speech or language development

- Difficulty maintaining conversations

- Preference for being alone

Behavioral Patterns

- Repetitive movements such as hand flapping and rocking

- Strict adherence to routines

- Intense focus on specific interests

- Resistance to change

Sensory Sensitivities

Overreaction or Underreaction to:

- Sounds

- Lights

- Textures (May avoid food due to texture)

Cognitive and Learning Differences

- Some may have an intellectual disability

- Others may have average or above-average intelligence

- Uneven skill development

Multifactorial

ASD is believed to be what?

Genetic Factors

Strong hereditary component and CERTAIN GENE MUTATIONS linked to ASD

Environmental Factors

- Prenatal influences such as maternal infection and exposure to toxins

- Complications during pregnancy or birth

Neurological Factors

- Differences in brain structure and function

- Altered neural connectivity

Food Selectivity

Feeding challenge often associated with ASD?

Protein

Supports brain development

Healthy fats (DHA/Omega 3)

Supports brain function

Iron

Nutrient for cognitive development

Zinc

Nutrient for immunity and neurological function

Vitamin D

Nutrient for brain health

Vitamin B

Nutrient for neurotransmitter production

Fiber

Nutrient that helps manage constipation

Hydration

This is encourage for adequate fluid intake

Common Feeding Issues

- Picky eating

- Limited food variety or colors

- Sensory based food aversion

- Preference for specific textures

Ca, Iron, Vit D, Fiber

ASD are at risk of deficiencies in?

Gluten-free, Casein-free Diet

Some families try this type of diet?

Behavior Therapy

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and social skills training

Speech and Language Therapy

Improves communication skills

Occupational Therapy

Helps with daily living skills and addresses sensory issues

Educational Support

Individualized Education Plans (IEPs), Inclusion classroom settings

Medical Management

No medication but can treat anxiety, hyperactivity and aggression

Strong memory, Attention to detail, Specialized talents

Strengths of ASD patients

Lifelong

ASD is a ___ developmental condition