Endocrine System Unit Quizlet

aden/o

gland

adrenal/o

adrenal gland

gonad/o

sex glands

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid gland

pituitar/o

pituitary gland

thyr/o, thyroid/o

thyroid gland

andr/o

male

calc/o, calci/o

calcium

cortic/o

cortex, outer region

crin/o

to secrete

dips/o

thirst

estr/o

female

gluc/o

sugar

home/o

sameness

hormon/o

hormone

kal/i

Potassium

lact/o

milk

myx/o

mucus

natr/o

sodium

phys/o

growing

somat/o

body

ster/o

solid structure

toc/o

childbirth

toxic/o

poison

ur/o

urine

-agon

assemble, gather together

-emia

blood condition

-in, -ine

substance

-tropin

stimulating the function of

-uria

urine condition

eu-

good,normal

hyper-

excessive; above

hypo-

deficient, below, under, less than normal

oxy-

rapid, sharp, acid

pan-

all

poly-

many or increased

tetra-

four

tri-

three

hyperthyroidism

overactivity of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis

Hypothyroidism

underactivity of the thyroid gland

thyroid carcinoma

cancer of the thyroid gland

hyperparathyroidism

excessive production of parathyroid hormone. Causes hypercalcemia

Hypoparathyroidism

deficient production of parathyroid hormone. Causes hypocalcemia

adrenal virilism

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

Cushing syndrome

group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex

Addison disease

hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex

Pheochromocytoma

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla; tumor cells stain a dark or dusky color

hyperinsulinism

excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia

diabetes mellitus

lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

type 1 diabetes mellitus

diabetes caused by a total lack of insulin production; usually develops in childhood, and patients require insulin replacement therapy to control the disorder

type 2 diabetes mellitus

diabetes in which either the body produces insufficient insulin or insulin resistance (a defective use of the insulin that is produced) occurs; the patient usually is not dependent on insulin for survival

acromegaly

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities

gigantism

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

dwarfism

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism

panhypopituitarism

deficiency of all pituitary hormones

SIADH (Syndrom of Inappropriate Anti-Diurectic Hormone)

excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone

diabetes insipidus

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone