2.2 Biological beginnings and prenatal development

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Last updated 5:15 AM on 6/23/26
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11 Terms

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Prenatal diagnostic tests
allow parents and professionals to discern whether a baby is developing normally. Ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling
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Ultrasound (sonogram)
directs high frequency sound waves into mothers abdomen. Echos used to create image of developing baby. Shows position of baby, gender, gestational age, and major structural birth defects (brain defects). Noninvasive and generally safe less than 5 during pregnancy (risk of low birth weight)
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Amniocentesis
removing sample of amniotic fluid through a syringe and testing for chromosomal and genetic abnormalities (Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and lung maturity). Done between 15th and 20th weeks and risk of miscarriage after (1/300)
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Chorionic villus sampling
inserting tube and removing tissue from end of one or more chorionic villi (finger like projections on membrane of placenta), done between 10th and 12th week and detects genetic abnormalities. High risk of miscarriage and causing limb deformity
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Risk of miscarriage
sonogram low, aminocentesis 1/300 after 20th weeks, chorionic villi high risk
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Ways that genetics and environment interact to influence individuals
passive, evocative, and active genotype
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Passive genotype environment interaction
parents can provide both genetic predisposition and nurturing context to foster certain qualities in a child.
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Evocative genotype environment interaction
parents can provide genetic predisposition for the child to then evoke certain reactions in others.
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Example of evocative genotype environment interaction
social child will affect tohjels around them to behave in certain ways and influence their own development (develop large social group)
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Active genotype environment interaction
parents may provide genetic predisposition that results in the child actively seeking out environmental conditions that foster the development of certain qualities
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Example of active genotype environment interaction
musically gifted child may pursue musical outlets regardless of whether others encourage them to do so