Nicotine Lecture Review

A collection of flashcards designed to help review key vocabulary and concepts related to nicotine and its effects on the body.

Mechanism of Action

Refers to how a substance activates receptors, influencing its effects.

Cholinergic Agonist

A substance, like nicotine, that activates cholinergic receptors in the nervous system.

Nicotinic Receptors

Types of receptors activated by nicotine, found in the brain and neuromuscular junction.

Biphasic Effects

Refers to the dual nature of nicotine's action, acting as both a stimulant and a depressant.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter involved in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Ionotropic Receptors

Receptors that are directly coupled with ion channels, allowing ions to pass through upon activation.

Desensitization

The process where receptors become less responsive to a neurotransmitter after prolonged exposure.

Sympathetic Nervous System Activation

Part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Appetite Suppression

A common effect of nicotine, leading to reduced hunger.

Dopamine System Interaction

Nicotine's influence on dopamine, contributing to its addictive potential.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process where behaviors are modified based on rewards or consequences.

Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms

Physical and psychological effects experienced when abstaining from nicotine, including cravings and irritability.

Nicotine Clearance Rate

The speed at which nicotine is metabolized and eliminated from the body, varying among individuals.

Third-Hand Smoke

Residual nicotine and other chemicals left on surfaces after tobacco has been smoked.

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a long-term lung disease caused by smoking.

Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Methods used to help individuals quit smoking by providing controlled doses of nicotine.

Bupropion

An antidepressant used in smoking cessation that may help reduce withdrawal symptoms.

Tertiary Smoke Exposure

Exposure to smoke that settles on clothing and surfaces, which can still be harmful.