122 Wk. 5 Coronary Artery Disease and Stroke

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A condition that includes angina and acute myocardial infarction, primarily associated with atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and embolism.

Myocardial Oxygen Demand

The amount of oxygen the heart muscle requires, which is high even at rest and increases significantly during exercise.

Myocardial Ischaemia

A condition that develops when coronary blood flow cannot meet myocardial metabolic demand, often due to atherosclerosis.

Angina Pectoris

Paroxysmal attacks of chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia, typically recurrent and triggered by physical exertion.

Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease

A condition characterized by fixed atherosclerotic plaques that narrow coronary arteries, leading to angina.

Stable Angina

Chest pain that occurs only with exertion and is relieved by rest, caused by fixed atherosclerotic narrowing.

Unstable Angina

Chest pain that occurs at rest and is not relieved by rest, often due to acute changes in atherosclerotic plaques.

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

A serious condition resulting from the obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery, leading to myocardial necrosis.

ECG Changes in Myocardial Ischemia

ST segment depression and T wave inversion are indicative of myocardial ischemia.

Circle of Willis

An interconnected system of arteries that supplies blood to the brain, allowing for collateral circulation.

Ischemic Stroke

A type of stroke caused by obstruction or occlusion of a cerebral artery, often due to embolism or thrombosis.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A type of stroke caused by the rupture of a cerebral blood vessel, often linked to hypertension.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A temporary episode of decreased blood flow to the brain that does not result in permanent damage, often a warning sign for future strokes.

Risk Factors for Stroke

Includes non-modifiable factors (age, sex, genetics) and modifiable factors (smoking, obesity, hypertension).

FAST Acronym

A mnemonic for recognizing stroke symptoms:Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties, Time to call emergency services.

Penumbra

The area surrounding the core infarct in a stroke that contains disturbed but salvageable neurons.

Fibrinolytic Therapy

A treatment for ischemic stroke that involves administering clot-busting drugs to restore blood flow.

Management of Hemorrhagic Stroke

Focuses on controlling bleeding and reducing intracranial pressure, with limited treatment options compared to ischemic stroke.