psych personality

What is personality?

A relatively stable pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviours that distinguish individuals

What are the four perspectives on personality?

Psychodynamic, Behavioural, Humanistic, Trait

Who developed psychodynamic theory?

Sigmund Freud

What are the three parts of personality?

Id, Ego, Superego

What is the id?

Primitive, pleasure-seeking part operating on the pleasure principle

What is the ego?

Rational mediator operating on the reality principle

What is the superego?

Moral component based on internalized standards

What are defence mechanisms?

Unconscious strategies used to reduce anxiety

What is repression?

Blocking distressing thoughts from awareness

What is projection?

Attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts to others

What is displacement?

Redirecting emotions to a safer target

Sarah snaps at her friend after a bad day. What defence mechanism?

Displacement

Emma accuses others of being selfish but is selfish herself. What defence mechanism?

Projection

What is regression?

Reverting to earlier behaviours under stress

What is denial?

Refusing to accept reality

What is the behavioural perspective?

Personality is shaped by learning experiences

What is reinforcement?

Strengthening behaviour through rewards

What is observational learning?

Learning by watching others

A teen imitates a celebrity. What concept?

Observational learning

What is reciprocal determinism?

Behaviour, environment, and personal factors influence each other

What is the humanistic perspective?

Focus on growth and self-actualization

What is self-actualization?

Reaching one's full potential

What is unconditional positive regard?

Acceptance without conditions

What is incongruence?

Mismatch between self-concept and experience

What is the trait perspective?

Personality consists of stable traits

What are the Big Five traits?

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

What is openness?

Creativity and openness to experience

What is conscientiousness?

Organization, responsibility, discipline

A person is highly organized and reliable. Which trait?

Conscientiousness

What is extraversion?

Sociability and outgoingness

What is agreeableness?

Kindness and cooperativeness

What is neuroticism?

Emotional instability

What is the person-situation debate?

Whether behaviour is driven by traits or situations

What is the modern view?

Interaction between traits and situations