Key Concepts - Globalisation and Crime

Transnational Organised Crime

Crime that is organised and operates across national borders

Tax Evasion

The illegal avoidance of paying taxes, often by corporations operating globally

Law Evasion

Avoiding laws by operating in countries with weaker regulations

Subcontracting

The use of other companies, often in poorer countries, to carry out production

Risk Consciousness

Increased awareness of environmental and technological dangers

Cyber Crime

Crime carried out using computers or the internet

Fundamentalism

A belief system that rejects modern global influences in favour of traditional religious values

Global Risk Society

A society increasingly shaped by global, manufactured risks that cross national borders

Situated

Definitions of environmental harm that depend on specific social and legal contexts

Transgressive Crime

Definitions of harm that go beyond national laws and focus on global harm

Secondary Green Crimes

Environmental harm caused by attempts to avoid laws or manage environmental risks that create new harms

Anthropocentric View

A view that sees environmental harm in terms of its impact on humans

Ecocentric View

A view that sees acts that harm nature as wrong even if they don’t directly harm humans

Environmental Racism

The idea that environmental harm disproportionately affects poorer or marginalised groups