TEAS Science: Microorganisms & Disease

What is the basic structure of a virus?

A protein coat surrounding genetic material.

Why must viruses infect living host cells?

To reproduce using the host cell's machinery.

What are the four steps of the virus life cycle?

Attach, Inject DNA/RNA, Make virus parts, Burst (lysis).

Do viruses infect any cell they encounter?

No, viruses are selective and infect specific cells.

What is the most common cause of food poisoning?

Bacteria contaminating food.

What is a primary way to prevent food poisoning?

Properly cooking food to kill harmful bacteria.

How is cholera most commonly transmitted?

Drinking contaminated water (waterborne transmission).

What contamination source is often linked to cholera?

Sewage contamination due to poor sanitation.

How is influenza (flu) most commonly spread?

Airborne droplets from coughs or sneezes.

What simple behavior helps reduce influenza spread?

Washing hands regularly.

What type of pathogen causes athlete's foot?

A fungus.

How does athlete's foot commonly spread?

Bare feet on damp, warm, and dark floors.

What does the 'incidence' of a disease refer to?

The number of new cases in a population over time.

How does good sanitation affect disease incidence?

It decreases disease incidence.

What are the four primary routes of disease transmission?

Food, Water, Air, and Contact.