Pharmacognosy: Drug II in toto Flashcards

Vocabulary terms and definitions for various herbal drugs (Drog II collection) covering Latin names, active constituents, and therapeutic actions.

Absinthii herba (fehér üröm)

The leafy or flowering shoot of Artemisia absinthium (Asteraceae) containing essential oil with mono- and sesquiterpene components, proazulenes, and flavonoids; used as an amarum, appetite stimulant, and bile/gastric juice secretion enhancer.

Agrimoniae herba (közönséges párlófű)

Sourced from Agrimonia eupatoria (Rosaceae) containing catechol-type tannins; acts as an astringent and antibacterial for mouth wounds, eczema (as a bath), or internally for GI catarrh and diarrhea.

Anisi fructus (ánizstermés)

The fruit of Pimpinella anisum (Apiaceae) characterized by essential oil containing trans-anethole; used as a spasmolytic and antibacterial for bloating, indigestion, and respiratory catarrh.

Aloë capensis (tövises aloé)

Derived from Aloe ferox or Aloe barbadensis containing anthranoids; used primarily as a laxative.

Aloe vera gel

A polysaccharide substance obtained from A. barbadensis used only externally for minor skin injuries, burns, and in moisturizing creams; distinct from laxative anthranoid-containing aloe.

Calendulae flos (körömvirág)

Flowers of Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae) containing triterpenes, flavonoids, and carotenoids; used externally as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent for wounds, ulcers, and hemorrhoids.

Cannabis herba (kender virágos hajtás)

Flowering shoot of Cannabis sativa (Cannabaceae) containing cannabinoids like THC; used for its analgesic and antiemetic effects in MS or chemotherapy, but classified as a drug due to psychotropic/hallucinogenic properties.

Carvi fructus (köménytermés)

The fruit of Carum carvi (Apiaceae) containing essential oil with monoterpenes like carvone; acts as a spasmolytic, carminative, and digestive aid.

Caryophylli flos (szegfűszeg)

The flower bud of Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) rich in eugenol; used as an antibacterial, antifungal, and local anesthetic for mouth inflammation or indigestion.

Chamaemeli romanae flos (római kamilla virág)

Flowers of Chamaemelum nobile (Asteraceae) containing proazulenes and flavonoids; used similarly to German chamomile for antibacterial, spasmolytic, and anti-inflammatory purposes.

Cinnamomi cassiae cortex (kasszia fahéjfa kéreg)

Bark from Cinnamomum cassia (Lauraceae) containing cinnamaldehyde; used as an appetite stimulant and flavor/aroma enhancer for indigestion.

Cinnamomi cortex (ceyloni fahéjfa kéreg)

Bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lauraceae) containing essential oil with cinnamaldehyde; has antibacterial and appetite-stimulating effects, though its blood sugar-lowering effect is unproven.

Conii fructus (foltos bürök termés)

The fruit of Conium maculatum (Apiaceae) containing toxic alkaloids like coniine; highly poisonous and used only in homeopathy, it can be mistaken for anise or parsley.

Coriandri fructus (koriandertermés)

Fruit of Coriandrum sativum (Apiaceae) containing linalool; serves as an appetite stimulant, digestive aid, and mild carminative.

Crataegi folium cum flore / fructus (galagonya)

Shoots or fruits of Crataegus monogyna or C. laevigata containing flavonoids and procyanidins; provides positive inotropic, negative bathmotropic, and antiarrhythmic effects for mild heart failure.

Digitalis purpureae folium (piros gyűszűvirág levél)

Leaves of Digitalis purpurea (Scrophulariaceae) containing cardenolide-type cardiac glycosides; used industrially to produce cardiotonic purpurea glycosides for heart failure.

Eucalypti folium (eukaliptuszlevél)

Leaves of Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) containing monoterpene essential oils; used as an antibacterial and expectorant, though dangerous if inhaled by infants due to potential respiratory spasms.

Foeniculi amari fructus (édeskömény termés)

Fruit of Foeniculum vulgare containing trans-anethole; provides carminative, spasmolytic, and expectorant effects, often used in infant teas.

Frangulae cortex (kutyabengekéreg)

The bark of Rhamnus frangula (Rhamnaceae) containing anthranoids; used as a laxative.

Galla (gubacs)

Obtained from Quercus infectoria (Fagaceae) containing gallic acid (hydrolyzable tannins); used as an astringent and industrial raw material for tannin.

Gentianae radix (tárnicsgyökér)

Root of Gentiana lutea (Gentianaceae) containing secoiridoid glycosides like amarogentin; acts as an amarum by reflexively stimulating digestive secretions.

Ginkgonis folium (páfrányfenyőlevél)

Leaves of Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) containing flavonoids and terpene lactones; improves cerebral microcirculation and treats memory loss, tinnitus, and dizziness.

Hederae folium (borostyánlevél)

Leaves of Hedera helix (Araliaceae) containing triterpene saponins; functions as an expectorant for respiratory catarrh.

Hippocastani semen (vadgesztenye mag)

Seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum (Hippocastanaceae) containing aescin and flavonoids; acts as a venoprotective and venotonic for varicose veins and hemorrhoids.

Hyperici herba (közönséges orbáncfű)

Flowering shoots of Hypericum perforatum (Hypericaceae) containing phloroglucin derivatives and flavonoids; used internally for mild to moderate depression and externally for burns.

Juniperi galbulus (boróka tobozbogyó)

Berry-cones of Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) containing monoterpenes; used as a diuretic and digestive, limited to $4$ weeks to avoid renal epithelial irritation.

Lavandulae flos (valódi levendula virág)

Flowers of Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiaceae) containing linalool and linalyl acetate; used as a sedative and digestive aid for restlessness and insomnia.

Liquiritiae radix (édesgyökér)

Root of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) containing triterpene saponins and flavonoids; an expectorant and ulceroprotective used for max. $4-6$ weeks due to mineralocorticoid-like side effects.

Marrubii herba (pemetefű)

Flowering shoots of Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae) containing diterpene bitters; functions as an amarum, cholagogue, and expectorant.

Matricariae flos (kamilla virágzat)

Inflorescence of Matricaria recutita (Asteraceae) with chamazulene-precursors (matricin) and bisabolol; acts as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and spasmolytic externally and internally.

Melissae folium (citromfű levél)

Leaves of Melissa officinalis (Lamiaceae) containing citral, citronellal, and rosemary acid; used as a sedative, anxiolytic, and spasmolytic agent.

Millefolii herba (közönséges cickafark)

Flowering shoots of Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae) containing proazulenes and flavonoids; acts as an anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, and antibacterial agent.

Ononidis radix (tövises iglice gyökér)

Root of Ononis spinosa (Fabaceae) containing isoflavonoids; used as a diuretic and anti-inflammatory for urinary tract infections and kidney stone prevention.

Quercus cortex (tölgyfakéreg)

Bark from Quercus robur or Q. petraea (Fagaceae) containing tannins; used as an astringent for mouth infections, skin inflammation, and diarrhea.

Primulae radix (kankalingyökér)

Root of Primula veris (Primulaceae) containing triterpene saponins; used as an expectorant.

Rhei radix (orvosi és tenyeres rebarbara gyökér)

Root of Rheum officinale or R. palmatum (Polygonaceae) containing anthranoids; used as a laxative.

Rosmarini folium (rozmaringlevél)

Leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae); used as a digestive aid internally and as a hyperemic rub for muscle pain/rheumatism externally.

Ratanhiae radix (ratánhiagyökér)

Root of Krameria trianda (Krameriaceae) containing catechol-type tannins; used as an astringent and antibacterial for mouth and throat infections.

Salviae officinalis folium (orvosi zsálya levél)

Leaves of Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) containing terpenes and cinnamon acid derivatives; functions as an antibacterial, astringent, and antiperspirant.

Sambuci flos (fekete bodza virág)

Flowers of Sambucus nigra (Caprifoliaceae) containing flavonoids and mucilage; used as an expectorant and diaphoretic for colds and fevers.

Saponariae albae radix (fátyolvirággyökér)

Root of Gypsophila paniculata (Caryophyllaceae) containing triterpene saponins; used as a mucolytic, expectorant, and diuretic.

Sennae folium / fructus (szenna)

Leaves or fruits of Cassia senna or C. angustifolia (Caesalpiniaceae) containing anthranoids (dianthrone glycosides); used as a laxative.

Serpylli herba (mezei kakukkfű)

Flowering shoots of Thymus serpyllum (Lamiaceae) containing thymol; used as an antibacterial and expectorant for respiratory and oral infections.

Silybi mariani fructus (máriatövis termés)

Fruit of Silybum marianum (Asteraceae) containing silymarin (flavonolignans); used as a hepatoprotective agent for chronic liver diseases and mushroom poisoning.

Strophanthi semen (sztrofantuszmag)

Seeds of Strophanthus kombe/gratus containing cardenolide glycosides ($k-$ and $g-$ strophanthin); provides positive inotropic and negative bathmotropic effects for acute heart failure via IV.

Tiliae flos (hársfa virágzat)

Inflorescence of Tilia cordata (Tiliaceae) containing flavonoids and mucilage; acts as a diaphoretic and anti-inflammatory for colds and dry coughs.

Uvae ursi folium (orvosi medveszőlő levél)

Leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Ericaceae) containing hydroquinone derivatives like arbutin; used as a urinary disinfectant for bacterial bladder infections.

Valerianae radix (macskagyökér)

Root of Valeriana officinalis (Valerianaceae) containing valepotriates (epoxy-triesters) and valerenic acid; used as a sedative and hypnotic for insomnia and irritability.