Bio Chap 9 - cellular respiration

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Last updated 11:11 PM on 6/14/26
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12 Terms

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OIL RIG

Oxidation is Loss, Reduction is Gain

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Exergonic reactions

energy is released, breakdown of organic molecules

C6H12O6 —> CO2 + Energy released

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Endergonic reactions

Energy gained

ADP + Energy —> ATP

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Cellular respiration

glucose + oxygen —> carbon monoxide + water + energy

  1. Glycolysis

  2. pyruvate oxidation

  3. citric acid cycle

  4. Electron phosphorylation

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NADH in Cell resp - steps

  1. glucose oxidized

  2. NAD+ is a coenzyme electron carrier

  3. dehydrogenases remove a pair of hydrogen atoms from the substrate

  4. NAD+ becomes NADH by picking up 2 electrons and 1 hydrogen ion

  5. The hydrogen is released

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Oxidative phosphorylation

powered by redox reactions

90% of ATP is formed this way

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substrate level phosphorylation

some ATP is directly made

uses glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

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glycolysis

start w/ glucose

end with pyruvate

make NADH and ATP along the way

when there isn’t enough oxygen pyruvate becomes lactic acid

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pyruvate oxidation

oxidation of pyruvate’s carboxyl group, releasing first CO2 of cellular respiration

  • reduction of NAD+ to NADH+H+

  • attach two carbon fragment (acetate) w/ coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA

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Citric Acid Cycle

Acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate

7 steps to decompose citrate back to oxaloacetate

produced NADH, H, FADH2, 1 ATP and CO2

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Electrion transport

energy released as electrons are passed down the electron transport chain

  • ATP and H2O produced, NAD+ and FAD produced

electron transport chain pumps H+ out of the mitochondrial matrix and into the intermembrane space

H+ moves down it’s concentration gradient back across the membrane

H+ causes rotor of ATP synthase to spin in a way that catalyzes phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

(basically oxidative phosphorylation)

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Fermentation and anaerobic respiration

ATP produced without oxygen

  1. H+ pulled off of glucose

  2. NAD becomes NADH+

  3. Without oxygen H+ can’t be given to electron transport system so NADH+ makes lactic acid or alcohol