Miscellaneous Viruses (Final Exam)

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis and Lassa virus are ______ in shape and enveloped.

spherical

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis and Lassa virus are ______ viruses with transmission via contact with ______.

RNA, infected rodent secretions

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis causes ______.

aseptic meningitis

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis can be diagnosed via ______ or ______.

serology, PCR

Lassa virus is transmitted via rodents and ______.

person-to-person

Lassa virus S/Sx

Fever, retrosternal pain, sore throat, conjunctivitis, back pain, cough, nausea, vomiting, mucosal bleeding (hemorrhage)

Lassa virus can be diagnosed via ______ or ______.

serology (EIA, ELISA), viral culture

Ebola and Marburg are made up of ______ and are ______.

-ssRNA, filamentous

Ebola is transmitted via direct contact with ______.

blood/secretions

Ebola S/Sx

High fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, diarrhea, chest pain, shock, bleeding, death

Ebola is diagnosed via ...

ELISA, PCR, isolation

Marburg is transmitted from ______ to humans and human-to-human.

Monkey

The reservoir for Marburg virus is the ______.

African fruit bat

Marburg S/Sx

Sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, shock, hemorrhage

Marburg can be diagnosed via ...

ELISA, Ag detection, culture

Hanta virus is an ______ virus with a reservoir in ______.

RNA, rodents

Hanta virus is diagnosed mostly through detection of viral ______.

RNA

Hanta virus is transmitted via contact with rodent ...

Urine, feces, saliva

Hanta virus is not transmitted ______.

person-to-person

Hanta virus S/Sx

Fatigue, fever, muscle aches, headache, dizziness, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, SOB, hemorrhage

Sin Nombre Hantavirus is transmitted via exposure to ______.

deer mice droppings

Sin Nombre Hantavirus S/Sx

Fever, myalgia, cough to irreversible pulmonary edema, thrombocytopenia, acidosis, elevated WBC with left shift

Sin Nombre Hantavirus is diagnosed via ______ detection.

Ab/Ag

West Nile is an ______ virus transmitted by ______.

RNA, mosquitos

West Nile virus S/Sx

Mostly asymptomatic, mild fever to severe encephalitis, can be neuroinvasive

West Nile virus is diagnosed via ______ detection in serum or CSF.

IgM

______ testing is used to diagnose fatal West Nile virus cases.

NAA

Yellow Fever is an ______ virus transmitted by ______.

RNA, mosquitos

Yellow Fever is diagnosed via ______ detection.

antibody

Yellow Fever S/Sx

Most asymptomatic or mild, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, body aches, headache, back pain, can have high fever, jaundice, bleeding, organ failure

Zika virus is transmitted via ...

- Mosquitoes

- In utero from mother

- Semen

- Blood transfusion

Zika virus S/Sx

Mostly mild: fever, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis, muscle pain, headache, rarely fatal

Zika virus is diagnosed via ______ or ______.

RT-PCR, virus specific IgM

Dengue virus is transmitted by ______.

mosquitoes

Dengue virus is diagnosed via ______ or ______.

serology, molecular tests

Dengue fever is an ______ virus with 4 serotypes.

RNA

Dengue virus S/Sx

Fever, headache, myalgia, leuko-/thrombocytopenia, shock, hemorrhage, death, eye pain

Dengue virus can also cause ______.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Rabies is a ______ virus that is lethal.

-ssRNA

What are the reservoirs for Rabies virus?

Raccoons, skunks, foxes, coyotes, bats

Rabies virus is transmitted via exposure to infected ______ of the above animals.

saliva

Rabies virus is diagnosed via detection of viral ______.

antigen

Rabies virus S/Sx

Fever, headache, weakness, insomnia, anxiety, confusion, slight or partial paralysis, hallucinations, hypersalivation, hydrophobia, difficulty swallowing

HPV is a _____ virus that is ______ transmitted.

DNA, sexually

HPV can cause ...

Genital warts, cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus and oropharynx

HPV is diagnosed by pap smear and ______ assays.

molecular based

HPV is mostly ______.

asymptomatic

Parvovirus is a ______ virus.

ssDNA

Parvovirus S/Sx

Asymptomatic to potentially fatal, fever and rash (slapped cheek)

Viremia of parvovirus can cause ______.

transient aplastic crisis

Parvovirus is diagnosed via ______ or ______.

serology, PCR

Parvovirus is transmitted via contact with ______ or ______.

bodily secretions, mother to fetus

A prion is an infectious ______.

protein

The noninfectious version of a prion is designated as ______, which the infectious form is designated as ______.

PrPc, PrPSc

PrPSc changes a normal protein's ______ to make it into an infectious prion.

conformation

Prions are very ______.

resistant (to heat, radiation, chemicals)

The Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies are ______ diseases.

prion

What are the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies?

- Scrapie

- Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

- Kuru

- Creutzfeldt-Jakob

- Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome

The Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies infect the ______.

CNS

How are the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies transmitted?

- Consumption of infected meat

- Contaminated medical instruments

- Environmental contamination